Devonian macroinvertebrates from the State of Tocantins: occurrence history and new findings

Abstract

The state of Tocantins has been the subject of several paleontological types of research in the past; however, the Devonian fossils have recently been poorly investigated. This paper expands the knowledge about Devonian in the state of Tocantins, presenting a bibliographic review and adding new fossiliferous discoveries. During fieldwork, brachiopods (Australocoelia, Australospirifer, Derbyina, infaunal lingulids, Orbiculoidea, Tropidoleptus carinatus, Schuchertella), cnidarians (Conularia quichua), crinoids (Exaesiodiscus dimerocrinosus, Laudonomphalus, Monstrocrinus), mollusks (Platyceras, Nuculites, Palaeoneilo, Sanguinolites), and plants remains (Spongiophyton lenticularis) were found in different sedimentary facies of the Pimenteira Formation

Macroevolution and adaptive processes of the Leptocoeliidae family (Brachiopoda) throughout the Silurian and Devonian

“…Source: adapted from Boucot, 1959;Boucot & Rehmer, 1977;Quadros, 1979;Benedetto, 1995;Boucot et al, 2001 andJin, 2003. Continuing in the Lower Devonian, Australocoelia occurs in Argentina (Benedetto, Racheboeuf, Herrera, Brussa and Toro, 1992), Bolivia (Wolfart, 1968;Isaacson, 1977) Uruguay (Mendez-Alzola, 1938;Melo, 1988), Peru (Laubacher et al, 1982), Chile (Boucot, Bahlburg, Breitkreuz, Isaacson, Niemeyer and Urzua, 1995), South Africa (Oosthuizen, 1984). In Brazil, in the northern and northeastern portions of the Paraná basin (Quadros, 1979;Melo, 1988;Ribeiro, Ghilardi and Caminha, 2019), and Parecis (Boucot, Rowell, Racheboeuf, Pereira, Melo and Siqueira, 2001) and Parnaíba basins (Queiroz, Gama-Junior and Pires, 2013;Ribeiro, Sousa, Gaia, Carbonaro, Scheffler and Ghilardi, 2021). During the Middle Devonian, Australocoelia was restricted to southern Gondwana, and could be found in the rocks of South Africa (Oosthuizen, 1984), in Brazil (Parnaíba and Paraná Basins) (Carvalho, 1976;Melo, 1988;Bosetti et al, 2011), Bolivia (Isaacson, 1977) and Chile (Boucot et al, 1995) (Figure 3).…”

Record of Lingulapholis (Craniopsidae, Brachiopoda) in the Pimenteira Formation (Devonian, Parnaíba Basin)

“…Orbiculoidea, Schuchertella?, Braquiópodos indet., Chonetacea indet., Discinidae, and Spiriferacea indet. need a morphofunctional analysis for species determination (Ramos & Barbosa, 1967;Barbosa et al, 1966;Campos & Campos, 1975;Lima & Leite 1978;Melo, 1985Melo, , 1988Portela et al, 1976;Ribeiro et al, 2021;Sundaram & Cunha, 1982).…”

“…The genus Lingulapholis, restricted to the United States (New York and Tennessee) and Colombia, is here expanded to Parnaíba Basin. Several authors have discussed a mixture of fauna in the Parnaíba Basin, due to the occurrence of Tropidoleptus carinatus in Tocantins and Piauí (Carvalho, 1995;Fonseca & Melo, 1987;Gama Jr., 2008;Ponciano et al, 2012;Queiroz et al, 2013;Ribeiro et al, 2021). Tropidoleptus carinatus lived in regions near the paleo-equator during the Devonian, and had its center of dispersal in the sedimentary basins of northeastern Canada (Popov & Holmer, 2009).…”

“…were described by Barbosa et al (1966) and Melo (1985Melo ( , 1988. Gama Jr. ( 2008) and Ribeiro et al (2021) point to the occurrence of Amphigenia cf. A. elongata Vanuxem, 1842, Australocoelia palmata, Delthyridoidea, Montsenetes carolinae Fonseca, 2004, Mucrospirifer pedroanus Rathbun, 1874, and Tropidoleptus carinatus in the vicinity of Palmas.…”