Dexamethasone: A boon for critically ill COVID-19 patients?

Patel, Shailesh Kumar; Saikumar, G.; Rana, Jigyasa; Dhama, Jaideep; Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal; Tiwari, Ruchi; Rodríguez‐Morales, Alfonso J.; Dhama, Kuldeep

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101844

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It acts through the blockade of two pathways of inflammation; vasodilation and immune cell migration. Dexamethasone crosses the host cell membrane and binds to glucocorticoid receptors present in the cell cytoplasm, which initiates a series of immune cell responses that lead to pro-inflammatory suppression cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF, and IFN-γ through a decrease in gene transcription ( Patel, S.K. et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Cytokine Storm and Corticosteroids Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone: Therapeutic potential, risks, and future projection during COVID-19 pandemic

Noreen

Maqbool

Madni

2021

European Journal of Pharmacology

152

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Section: Cytokine Storm and Corticosteroids Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone: Therapeutic potential, risks, and future projection during COVID-19 pandemic

Noreen

Maqbool

Madni

2021

European Journal of Pharmacology

152

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated great interest in the role of corticosteroids to attenuate the pulmonary and systemic damage in COVID-19 patients because of their potent anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, especially dexamethasone, a synthetic corticosteroid which is on the list of essential medicines of the World Health Organization and is readily available worldwide at low cost. This drug acts as a broad-spectrum immunosuppressor and has greater activity in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions (402,403).…”

Section: Dexamethasonementioning

confidence: 99%

A 21st Century Evil: Immunopathology and New Therapies of COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been classified as a global threat, affecting millions of people and killing thousands. It is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which emerged at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, quickly spreading worldwide. COVID-19 is a disease with symptoms that range from fever and breathing difficulty to acute respiratory distress and death, critically affecting older patients and people with previous comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract, which it then uses to reach several organs. The immune system of infected patients has been demonstrated to suffer important alterations, such as lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes, excessive amounts of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages, especially in the lungs, and cytokine storms, which may contribute to its severity and difficulty of establishing an effective treatment. Even though no specific treatment is currently available, several studies have been investigating potential therapeutic strategies, including the use of previously approved drugs and immunotherapy. In this context, this review addresses the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the patient's host immune system during infection, in addition to discussing the main immunopathological mechanisms involved in the development of the disease and potential new therapeutic approaches.

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“…Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays an integral role in reducing COVID-19 symptoms through various mechanisms, such as lowering hormone doses, decreasing fever symptoms, mitigating complications, reducing glucocorticoid and antiviral doses, stabilizing oxygen, repairing T lymphocytes and antibodies, maintaining normal liver function, and reducing inflammation ( 102 ). Two natural products, such as baicalin and baicalein, have been extracted from TCM, which inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro ( 109 , 110 ). Cinchona is a medicinal plant that produces quinine.…”

Section: Control and Prevention Of Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

Siddique

Abbas²,

Mansoor

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranks third in terms of fatal coronavirus diseases threatening public health, coming after SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) causes COVID-19. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the current outbreak of COVID-19 is the sixth global health emergency. As of December 3, 2020, 64 million people worldwide have been affected by this malaise, and the global economy has experienced a loss of more than $1 trillion. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Betacoronavirus genus. The high nucleotide sequence identity of SARS-CoV-2 with the BatCoV RaTG13 genome has indicated that bats could be the possible host of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the host cell via binding its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is similar to the mechanisms of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. COVID-19 can spread from person to person via respiratory droplets and airborne and contaminated fomites. Moreover, it poses a significant risk to smokers, the elderly, immunocompromised people, and those with preexisting comorbidities. Two main approaches are used to control viral infections, namely, vaccination, and biosecurity. Studies to analyze the antigenicity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates are underway, and few vaccines may be available in the near future. In the current situation, the Human Biosecurity Emergency (HBE) may be the only way to cope effectively with the novel SARS-CoV-2 strain. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the origin of COVID-19 as well as its epidemiological relationship with humans and animals, genomic resemblance, immunopathogenesis, clinical-laboratory signs, diagnosis, control and prevention, and treatment. Moreover, we discuss the interventional effects of various nutrients on COVID-19 in detail. However, multiple possibilities are explored to fight COVID-19, and the greatest efforts targeted toward finding an effective vaccine in the near future. Furthermore, antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids, both synthetic and natural, could play a crucial role in the fight against COVID-19.

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Dexamethasone: A boon for critically ill COVID-19 patients?

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Dexamethasone: Therapeutic potential, risks, and future projection during COVID-19 pandemic

Dexamethasone: Therapeutic potential, risks, and future projection during COVID-19 pandemic

A 21st Century Evil: Immunopathology and New Therapies of COVID-19

An Insight Into COVID-19: A 21st Century Disaster and Its Relation to Immunocompetence and Food Antioxidants

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