Dextrin and Poly(acrylic acid)-Based Biodegradable, Non-Cytotoxic, Chemically Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Sustained Release of Ornidazole and Ciprofloxacin

Abstract

Herein, novel biodegradable, stimulus-responsive, chemically cross-linked and porous hydrogel has been synthesized to evaluate its applicability as an efficient carrier for sustained release of ornidazole and ciprofloxacin. The cross-linked hydrogel (c-Dxt/pAA) has been developed from dextrin and poly(acrylic acid) using N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide) cross-linker via Michael-type addition reaction. With the variation of reaction parameters, various c-Dxt/pAA hydrogels have been synthesized to optimize the best one. c-Dxt/pAA hydrogel has been characterized using various physicochemical characterization techniques. The hydrogel demonstrates significant pH and temperature sensitivity. Gel characteristics and gel kinetics have been performed through the measurement of rheological parameters. The hydrogel shows noncytotoxic behavior toward human mesenchymal stem cells. Biodegradation study predicts that c-Dxt/pAA is degradable in nature. The in vitro release of ornidazole and ciprofloxacin suggests that the hydrogel released both the drugs in a controlled manner with extensive stability up to 3 months. The results suggest that c-Dxt/pAA is probably a promising candidate for controlled release of ornidazole and ciprofloxacin.

Antibacterial Hydrogels

“…It showed effects on anaerobic bacteria and amoeba112 with pH‐ and temperature‐controllable release profiles 113. Moreover, the hydrogel with degradable characteristics showed no cytotoxic behavior toward human mesenchymal stem cells.…”

Stimulus-Responsive, Biodegradable, Biocompatible, Covalently Cross-Linked Hydrogel Based on Dextrin and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for in Vitro/in Vivo Controlled Drug Release

“…This is mainly because of the fact that with rise in shear stress, the entanglements of network hydrogel deformed. 44 These results to the fall in modulus values.…”

“…Three peaks at 1661, 1561, 1267 cm -1 are attributed to the stretching frequencies of amide I, amide II and C-N bond, respectively. These three peaks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 16 1 H-NMR spectrum of dextrin 44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 …”

“…[42][43][44][45] Briefly, the pre-weighted cDxt/pNIPAm 8 xerogel films (10 × 10 × 0.1 mm 3 ) were immersed in lysozyme solution (pH 7) at a natural concentration as observed within the human body (1.5 μg/mL). The temperature of the lysozyme solution was maintained at 37 °C.…”

“…12,44 It is obvious from the drug stability results [The FTIR spectra ( Figure S8, Supporting Information), XRD analyses ( Figure S9, Supporting Information) and the release characteristics (initially and after 3 months, Figure S10 and Table S6-S7, Supporting Information)] that ~ 97 % ornidazole and ~ 98 % ciprofloxacin remain stable upto 3 months in c-Dxt/pNIPAm 8 hydrogel. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 31 present in c-Dxt/pNIPAm hydrogel@drugs complexes are shown in the Table S8 and Table S9, Supporting Information.…”