“…Interestingly, these novel performances of the 2D materials can also be adjusted by suitable methods, such as external strain (Wang et al, 2019a;Shu, 2021;Zhao et al, 2021), electric field (Sun et al, 2017;Cui et al, 2021a), adsorption (Cui et al, 2021b), doping (Cui et al, 2021a), and defect (Sun et al, 2019). Recently, the synthesis of heterostructures demonstrates further properties and applications (Novoselov et al, 2016;Ang and Ang, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Hidding and Guimarães, 2020).…”