DI diesel engine operated with carbon-black-water-diesel slurry at different injection timing and nozzle opening pressure

Diesel engine performance and emissions with fuels derived from waste tyres

“…Wamankar and Murugan 53 studied the influence of different injection timings and nozzle opening pressures on a direct injection diesel engine operated with a slurry of carbon black, water and diesel. Maximum BTE was observed at an advanced injection timing of 26° before top dead centre (BTDC) and 220 bar nozzle opening pressure.…”

“…Additionally, higher oxygen content allows fuel to premix completely during ignition delay resulting in more heat release during the premixed-burn phase of combustion at ignition and thus accountable for an increase in NOx emissions 55 . Wamankar and Murugan 53 stated that advancing the injection timing results in higher NO emissions for all fuels owing to rapid combustion and high in-cylinder temperature. Kegl 56 stated that injection timing is more important than degree of in-cylinder temperature and HRR.…”

“…In general, an increase in engine load or speed results in a decrease in CO emissions; however, an excessive increase in engine speed results in higher CO emissions. At very high engine speeds, a lower combustion flame temperature limits CO oxidation into CO 2 ; therefore, the CO emission values at very high engine speeds tend to also be higher 53,60,61 . Literature relating to the use of TPO in diesel engines indicate an increase in CO emissions with TPO blended fuel 17,19,52,60 , which is clear from the trend given in Fig.…”

Review on production, characterisation and utilisation of solid fuels in diesel engines

“…Wamankar and Murugan [18,19] have recently investigated the production, characterisation and utilisation of carbon black-waterdiesel slurry as an alternative fuel for CI engine. Wamankar and Murugan [20,21] have also investigated carbon black diesel blend (Carbodiesel), as an alternative fuel in single cylinder, air cooled, direct ignition diesel engine with rated output of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm speed.…”

“…Wamankar and Murugan [19] conducted experiment in same engine fulled with the CBWD10 emulsion fuel with minor engine modification. They investigated the effect of injection timing and injection pressure on the combustion process, performance and exhaust emissions in diesel engine.…”