Diabetes and Treatments

Obradović, Milan; Sudar-Milovanović, Emina; Gluvić, Zoran; Gojobori, Takashi; Essack, Magbubah; Isenović, Esma R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53370-0_52

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…miRNAs are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes including pathological conditions. Petrovic et al (2023) identified miR-107, miR-146a, and miR-17 as potentially good candidates for both AD and breast cancer treatment (targeting BRCA1/2 and PTEN in both diseases). Chen et al (2021) constructed circRNA-miRNA target network for explore the circRNA relationship between AD and cancer, and found three hub nodes CircPICALM, circRTN4 and circMAN2A1.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and analysis of key biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

Zhang,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 50 million elderly individuals worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, based on current research, researchers are able to identify potential biomarker genes and proteins that may serve as effective targets against AD. This article aims to present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in AD biomarker identification, with highlights on the use of various algorithms, the exploration of relevant biological processes, and the investigation of shared biomarkers with co-occurring diseases. Additionally, this article includes a statistical analysis of key genes reported in the research literature, and identifies the intersection with AD-related gene sets from databases such as AlzGen, GeneCard, and DisGeNet. For these gene sets, besides enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks utilized to identify central genes among the overlapping genes. Enrichment analysis, protein interaction network analysis, and tissue-specific connectedness analysis based on GTEx database performed on multiple groups of overlapping genes. Our work has laid the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of AD and more accurate identification of key AD markers.

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Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review and analysis of key biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

Zhang,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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“…The disease at earlier stages frequently goes undiagnosed because classic symptoms develop gradually as hyperglycemia develops, and insulin levels in such patients are often normal or elevated [ 83 ]. Age, obesity, and lack of physical activity are probably the most crucial factors affecting the development of T2DM [ 79 , 84 ]. Long before the clinical manifestation of T2DM, IR occurs, characterized by hyperinsulinemia often combined with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia [ 85 ].…”

Section: T2dm and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of C-Reactive Protein in Diabetic Inflammation

Stanimirović

Radovanović

Banjac

et al. 2022

Mediators of Inflammation

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Even though type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a worldwide chronic health issue that affects about 462 million people, specific underlying determinants of insulin resistance (IR) and impaired insulin secretion are still unknown. There is growing evidence that chronic subclinical inflammation is a triggering factor in the origin of T2DM. Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have been linked to excess body weight since adipocytes produce tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which are pivotal factors for CRP stimulation. Furthermore, it is known that hepatocytes produce relatively low rates of CRP in physiological conditions compared to T2DM patients, in which elevated levels of inflammatory markers are reported, including CRP. CRP also participates in endothelial dysfunction, the production of vasodilators, and vascular remodeling, and increased CRP level is closely associated with vascular system pathology and metabolic syndrome. In addition, insulin-based therapies may alter CRP levels in T2DM. Therefore, determining and clarifying the underlying CRP mechanism of T2DM is imperative for novel preventive and diagnostic procedures. Overall, CRP is one of the possible targets for T2DM progression and understanding the connection between insulin and inflammation may be helpful in clinical treatment and prevention approaches.

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Tryptophan Metabolism in Atherosclerosis and Diabetes

Sudar-Milovanović

Gluvić

Obradović

et al. 2022

CMC

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: The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) undergoes catabolism through several pathways, producing biologically active metabolites that significantly impact physiological processes. The metabolic pathway responsible for the majority of Trp catabolism is the kynurenine synthesis pathway (KP). Serotonin and melatonin are among the most essential Trp pathways degradation products. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in Trp metabolism and the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small and medium arteries wall caused by maladaptive local immune responses, which underpins several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Systemic low-grade immune-mediated inflammation is implicated in atherosclerosis where pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), play a significant role. IFN-γ upregulates the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), decreasing serum levels of the Trp and increasing metabolite levels of kynurenine. Increased IDO expression and activity could accelerate the atherosclerosis process. Therefore, activated IDO inhibition could offer possible treatment options regarding atherosclerosis management. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that, over time, leads to severe damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and peripheral nerves. Trp serum levels and lower activity of IDO were higher in future type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. This article reviews recent findings on the link between mammalian Trp metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis and diabetes and outlines the intervention strategies.

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Diabetes and Treatments

Cited by 3 publications

References 142 publications

A review and analysis of key biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

A review and analysis of key biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease

Role of C-Reactive Protein in Diabetic Inflammation

Tryptophan Metabolism in Atherosclerosis and Diabetes

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