Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Associated Alterations in the Regulation of Blood Sugar, Kidney Function and Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease that produces high blood sugar levels. Duration of study: February 2019 to April 2021 Place of study: Arif Memorial Hospital , Galwera village, Kasur road Lahore Method & Result: 50 Pakistani T2DM individuals were investigated. Insulin, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin sensitivity were the glycemic control measures (IS). Renal function tests looked at urea and creatinine. TAC and ROS were oxidative stress indicators (ROS). T2DM patients exhibited greater fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and IR than non-T2DM controls. Pseudo-insulin sensitivity reduced in patients (p˂.01). Urea and creatinine levels climbed somewhat in T2DM patients. TAC increased in patients over controls (P˂.05). Less than 2% of T2DM patients had elevated ROS (P˂.02). TAC and fasting blood glucose exhibit a positive (P˂.02) relationship. Fasting blood glucose and IS have a substantial negative relationship (P0.01). HbA1C correlates with IR, creatinine, and TAC but not with ROS (P˂.01). HbA1C and IS had a strong (P0.01) negative relationship. Diabetes mellitus is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Significant IS, creatinine, and ROS interactions (P˂.01). IS and urea are antithetical (P˂.05). Urea and creatinine have a strong (P˂.01) connection. TAC is anti-ROS (P˂.05). Conclusion: Glycemic instability in diabetic’s More than persistent hyperglycemia, blood glucose fluctuations may cause oxidative damage. The strong positive connection between fasting blood glucose and the other investigated measures shows that hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for T2DM development. Keywords: Glycemic control, fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species.

Comparison of Extraglycemic effects of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin

“…1 People with diabetes are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality and illness. 2,3 Diabetic nephropathy, which can damage one or both kidneys throughout a patient's lifetime, affects forty per cent of the population with diabetes at some point in their lives. 4 Sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a more recent class of oral anti-hyperglycemic medicines licenced for treating diabetes mellitus.…”