Diabetic nephropathy

Muthuppalaniappan, Vasantha Muthu; Sheaff, Michael; Yaqoob, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2015.06.007

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…DN is characterized by the appearance of persistent clinical albuminuria (albumin excretion rate (AER) > 300 mg/24 h) and a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > 5 years in the absence of urinary tract infections, other kidney diseases, or cardiac insufficiency [ 3 ]. Proteinuria occurs in ~15–40% of type 1 DM patients and between 5 and 20% of individuals with type 2 DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Function in Diabetic Nephropathy

Sifuentes-Franco

Padilla-Tejeda

Carrillo-Ibarra

et al. 2018

International Journal of Endocrinology

226

155

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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the second most frequent and prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The increase in the production of oxidative stress (OS) is induced by the persistent hyperglycemic state capable of producing oxidative damage to the macromolecules (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids). OS favors the production of oxidative damage to the histones of the double-chain DNA and affects expression of the DNA repairer enzyme which leads to cell death from apoptosis. The chronic hyperglycemic state unchains an increase in advanced glycation end-products (AGE) that interact through the cellular receptors to favor activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and the protein kinase C (PKC) system, leading to the appearance of inflammation, growth, and augmentation of synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in DN. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications because the production of ROS increases during the persistent hyperglycemia. The primary source of the excessive production of ROS is the mitochondria with the capacity to exceed production of endogenous antioxidants. Due to the fact that the mechanisms involved in the development of DN have not been fully clarified, there are different approaches to specific therapeutic targets or adjuvant management alternatives in the control of glycemia in DN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Function in Diabetic Nephropathy

Sifuentes-Franco

Padilla-Tejeda

Carrillo-Ibarra

et al. 2018

International Journal of Endocrinology

226

155

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“…In addition, the long-term dyslipidemia and other metabolic disorders impair the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, triggering peripheral neuropathy ( 21 ). Continued inflammation in DFI patients also causes increased blood pressure, which in turn can impair renal function ( 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial distribution, changes of drug susceptibility and clinical characteristics in patients with diabetic foot infection

Liu

et al. 2018

Exp Ther Med

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The present study aimed to investigate the bacterial distribution, changes in drug susceptibility and clinical characteristics in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI). A retrospective analysis of 216 patients with DFI treated at Xinxiang Central Hospital between 2013 and 2016 was carried out to analyze the bacterial distribution, changes of susceptibility and clinical characteristics. A total of 262 pathogenic strains were isolated from 216 patients with DFI. Among them, 43.13% exhibited Gram-positive (G+) bacteria, 45.04% exhibited Gram-negative (G−) bacteria and 11.83% was other. Between 2013 and 2016, the susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to common antibacterial drugs showed a declining trend year by year. G+ bacteria had high susceptibility to vancomycin and acetazolamide; while G− bacteria showed high susceptibility to dibekacin, panipenem and biapenem. The main clinical symptoms of the 216 patients included edema (98.61%), purulent secretions (62.96%) and lower extremity sepsis (58.80%). The top three complications of the 216 cases were lower extremity vascular disease (58.80%), peripheral neuropathy (39.81%) and kidney disease (26.39%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age [odds ratio (OR), 2.708; P=0.005], previous use of antibacterial drugs (OR, 3.816; P=0.007) and application of the third generation cephalosporins (OR, 3.014; P=0.008) were the independent risk factors of drug resistance in patients with DFI (P<0.05). There were numerous types of pathogens in patients with DFI, and all of them had certain drug resistance. The drug susceptibility was decreasing year by year. The pathogens and drug resistance in patients with DFI should be monitored to reduce the incidence of related complications and improve the prognosis of patients.

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