Diagnosing Autonomic Nervous System Disorders - Existing Guidelines and Future Perspectives

Lahrmann, Heinz; Rocha, Isabel; Struhal, Walter; Thijs, Roland D.; Hilz, Max J.

doi:10.17925/enr.2011.06.01.52

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We studied autonomic cardiovascular modulation at resting conditions and autonomic responses to parasympathetic challenge with six cycles per minute (cpm) of metronomic deep breathing, and sympathetic challenge, i.e., active standing (Ewing test). After resting for 40 min to ensure a stable cardiovascular situation, autonomic testing was performed between 9 am and 2 pm in a quiet room with ambient temperature of approximately 24 °C and stable humidity [ 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Burst Motor Cortex Stimulation on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Chronic Pain: A Feasibility Study for a New Approach to Objectively Monitor Therapeutic Effects

et al. 2023

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Introduction Chronic refractory pain of various origin occurs in 30–45% of pain patients, and a considerable proportion remains resistant to pharmacological and behavioral therapies, requiring adjunctive neurostimulation therapies. Chronic pain is known to stimulate sympathetic outflow, yet the impact of burst motor cortex stimulation (burstMCS) on objectifiable autonomic cardiovascular parameters in chronic pain remains largely unknown. Methods In three patients with chronic pain (2 facial pain/1 post-stroke pain), we compared pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS 1–10) and parameters of autonomic cardiovascular modulation at supine rest, during parasympathetic challenge with six cycles per minute of metronomic deep breathing, and during sympathetic challenge (active standing) at baseline and after 4 months of burstMCS compared to age-/gender-matched healthy controls. Results While two out of three patients were responsive after 4 months of adjunctive burstMCS (defined as pain reduction of > 30%), no differences were found in any of the three patients regarding the R-R intervals of adjacent QRS complexes (RRI, 642 vs. 676 ms) and blood pressure (BP, 139/88 vs. 141/90 mmHg). Under resting conditions, parameters of parasympathetic tone [normalized units of high-frequency oscillations of RRI (RRI-HFnu power) 0.24 vs. 0.38, root-mean-square differences of successive RRI (RRI-RMSSD) 7.7 vs. 14.7 ms], total autonomic cardiac modulation [RRI total power 129.3 vs. 406.2 ms 2 , standard deviation of RRI (RRI-SD) 11.6 vs. 18.5 ms, coefficient of variation of RRI (RRI-CV) 1.9 vs. 3.7%], and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS, 1.9 vs. 2.3 ms/mmHg) increased, and parameters of sympathetic tone [normalized units of low-frequency oscillations of RRI (RRI-LFnu power) 0.76 vs. 0.62] and sympatho-vagal balance [ratio of RR-LF to RRI-HF power (RRI-LF/HF ratio) 3.4 vs. 1.9] decreased after 4 months of burstMCS. Low-frequency oscillations of systolic blood pressure (SBP-LF power), a parameter of sympathetic cardiovascular modulation, increased slightly (17.6 vs. 20.4 mmHg 2 ). During parasympathetic stimulation, the expiratory–inspiratory ratio (E/I ratio) increased slightly, while upon sympathetic stimulation, the ratio between the shortest RRI around the 15th heartbeat and the longest RRI around the 30th heartbeat after standing up (RRI 30/15 ratio) remained unchanged. Conclusion Four months of adjunctive burstMCS was associated with an increase in parameters reflecting both total and parasympathetic autonomic modulation and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity. In contrast, sympathetic tone declined in our three patients, suggesting stimulation-associated improvement not only in subjectively perceived VAS pain scores, but also in objectifiable parameters of autonomic cardiovascular modulation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Burst Motor Cortex Stimulation on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Chronic Pain: A Feasibility Study for a New Approach to Objectively Monitor Therapeutic Effects

et al. 2023

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“…Sudomotor testing evaluates disorders of sweating (hypoor hyperhydrosis) and their distribution (focal or generalized) (Lahrmann et al 2011 ). Evaluation of sudomotor function can provide early diagnosis of small fi ber neuropathy and is used to provide a measure of cholinergic sympathetic function.…”

Section: Sudomotor Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls the synergistic action of all visceral organs in the human body (Lahrmann et al 2011 ). Autonomic nervous system diseases lead to dysfunction of blood pressure, heart rate, sudomotor function, digestion, urinary function, and sexual function.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%