Diagnosing clean margins through Raman spectroscopy in human and animal mammary tumour surgery: a short review

Abstract

Breast cancer frequency in human and other mammal female populations has worryingly increased lately. The acute necessity for taxonomy of the aetiological factors along with seeking for new diagnostic tools and therapy procedures aimed at reducing mortality have yielded in an intense research effort worldwide. Surgery is a regular method to counteract extensive development of breast cancer and prevent metastases provided that negative surgical margins are achieved. This highly technical challenge requires fast, extremely sensitive and selective discrimination between malignant and benign tissues even down to molecular level. The particular advantages of Raman spectroscopy, such as high chemical specificity, and the ability to measure raw samples and optical responses in the visible or near-infrared spectral range, have recently recommended it as a means with elevated potential in precise diagnostic in oncology surgery. This review spans mainly the latter 10 years of exceptional efforts of scientists implementing Raman spectroscopy as a nearly real-time diagnostic tool for clean margins assessment in mastectomy and lumpectomy. Although greatly contributing to medical discoveries for the wealth of humanity, animals as patients have benefitted less from advances in surgery diagnostic using Raman spectroscopy. This work also dedicates a few lines to applications of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy in veterinary oncological surgery.

Corrosion Improvement of 304L Stainless Steel by ZrSiN and ZrSi(N,O) Mono- and Double-Layers Prepared by Reactive Cathodic Arc Evaporation

“…The unique properties of TiN and ZrN coatings have led to their widespread use in a noteworthy number of mechanical and tribological applications, such as refractory compounds to be used at high temperatures, biomaterials, decorative materials, optical and plasmonic materials, corrosion-resistant or diffusion barrier coatings, and electrodes used in microelectronics [19][20][21][22].…”

Multimodal Approach of Optical Coherence Tomography and Raman Spectroscopy Can Improve Differentiating Benign and Malignant Skin Tumors in Animal Patients

“…The malignant tumors were detected based on different absorption (i.e., water and hemoglobin concentration) and scattering properties (i.e., reduced scattering coefficient) with an accuracy of between 54.6 and 90.0% [ 13 ]. Raman spectroscopy was applied to characterize malignant tissue in canine mammary glands and microcalcifications [ 14 , 15 ]. A direct comparison of Raman spectral data to the histopathology findings helped to identify Raman peaks at 1332 cm −1 (CH 2 /CH 3 vibrations in collagen), 1450 cm −1 (CH 2 bending mode in albumin), and 1453 cm −1 (structural modes of proteins) as Raman biomarkers of tissue malignancy [ 14 ].…”

Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Lesions in Canine Mammary Tissue Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study

“…Thus, cancer occurs naturally in this species, unlike rodents, which are often immunocompromised [8]. Dogs have an incidence of breast cancer about three times higher than in women [9]. Dogs develop natural cancers whose biology bears several strong similarities with cancer in humans, including patterns of response/resistance to conventional therapy, metastases, and recurrence [10,11].…”