Diagnosing gait disorders based on angular variations of knee and ankle joints utilizing a developed wearable motion sensor

Abstract

Here, a sensory motion system is developed to diagnose gait disorders using the estimation of angular variations in the knee and ankle joints. The sensory system includes two transmitter sensors and a central node, where each transmitter comprises three sensors of accelerometer, gyroscopes, and magnetometer to estimate the angular movements in the ankle and knee joints. By using a proposed filter, the angular variation is estimated in a personal computer employing the raw data of the motion sensors that are sent by the central node. The obtained results of the presented filter in comparison to an actual reference illustrate that the root mean square error is less than 1.01, 1.34, and 1.61 degrees, respectively, for the angles of and and that illustrate an improvement of 40% than the previous work. Moreover, a quantity value is defined based on the correlation between knee and ankle angles that show the amount of correctness in gating. Thus, the proposed system can be utilized for people who suffer problems in gait and help them to improve their movements.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Preparation and characterisation of polycaprolactone–fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds containing allicin

“…Total variation regularisation is used for noise reduction in digital image processing and werable sensors [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Total variation (TV) is integral to the absolute gradient of the digital signal and possesses a high value [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

“…Total variation regularisation is used for noise reduction in digital image processing and werable sensors [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Total variation (TV) is integral to the absolute gradient of the digital signal and possesses a high value [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Original signal (without noise) can be obtained by decreasing the total variation of the digital signal [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Total variation (TV) is integral to the absolute gradient of the digital signal and possesses a high value [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Original signal (without noise) can be obtained by decreasing the total variation of the digital signal [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In order to denoise the obtained signal, a method is proposed based on a function, which is called the TV algorithm.…”

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“…In the past, much attention was given to discovering diseases related to human skeletons and muscles based on movements. Recently, human movement and also rehabilitation [29][30][31][32][33] have been used to prevent skeletal and muscular diseases. Although motion analysis is extremely useful in hospitals and medical centres, the use of gait analysis in these places is tremendously limited and has not grown significantly [34].…”

Development of a Real-Time Knee Extension Monitoring and Rehabilitation System: Range of Motion and Surface EMG Measurement and Evaluation

“…Both the IMU technology and their algorithm could accurately estimate the knee joint angle. A sensory motion system was created by [ 14 ] to identify gait abnormalities by estimating angular deviations in the knee and ankle joints. An accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer were utilized to measure the angular motions.…”