Diagnosis and management of feline hyperthyroidism: current perspectives

Vaske, Heather H; Schermerhorn, Thomas; Armbrust, Laura J.; Grauer, Gregory F.

doi:10.2147/vmrr.s39985

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Currently, 4 treatment options are available, including medical treatment with antithyroid drugs, low iodine diet, radioiodine treatment (RAIT) and thyroidectomy, of which only the last 2 are often curative. 4 Treatment response is traditionally assessed by the measurement of total T4 (TT4), which, however, might not always adequately reflect disease control. Several factors including adverse effects, easiness of treatment administration or a possible overtreatment causing iatrogenic hypothyroidism might negatively affect outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since hyperthyroidism is a progressive and potentially life‐threatening condition, therapeutic intervention is necessary to alleviate clinical signs and reduce negative effects of thyroid hormone excess on the body, especially the cardiovascular system. Currently, 4 treatment options are available, including medical treatment with antithyroid drugs, low iodine diet, radioiodine treatment (RAIT) and thyroidectomy, of which only the last 2 are often curative 4 . Treatment response is traditionally assessed by the measurement of total T4 (TT4), which, however, might not always adequately reflect disease control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess health‐related quality‐of‐life in cats with hyperthyroidism

Blunschi,

Schofield,

Muthmann

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundHealth‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) assessment tools are becoming increasingly important for the assessment of diseases in veterinary medicine.ObjectivesTo develop a tool to assess the HRQoL of hyperthyroid cats and their owners.AnimalsCats with hyperthyroidism (n = 229) and without hyperthyroidism (n = 322).MethodsCross‐sectional study design. A preliminary list of 28 questions relating to the HRQoL of hyperthyroid cats and the influence their cat's disease might have on owners was created. Each question consisted of 2 subquestions: (1) “how often does the item apply”; (2) “how strongly does the item affect HRQoL.” The questionnaire was refined based on statistical analysis, including Mann‐Whitney‐U tests on each item, comparing the results from cats with and without hyperthyroidism. Internal consistency and reliability of the questions were measured by Cronbach's alpha (α). P < .05 was considered significant.ResultsOverall, 25/28 questions were retained within the final HRQoL tool, which had an excellent internal consistency (α = .92). The tool produced a score between 0 and 382 (lower scores meaning better HRQoL). The median HRQoL score was 87.5 (range, 2‐348) for cats with hyperthyroidism, and 27 (range, 0‐249) for cats without (P < .001), suggesting the HRQoL was poorer in hyperthyroid cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis validated HRQoL tool is useful to reliably quantify the influence of hyperthyroidism on the quality‐of‐life of affected cats and their owners. In the future, it could be considered of assistance in the clinical assessment of cats with hyperthyroidism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess health‐related quality‐of‐life in cats with hyperthyroidism

Blunschi,

Schofield,

Muthmann

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most common endocrine disease in middle-aged and geriatric cats is hyperthyroidism (FHT), which is characterized by an excess of thyroid hormones, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) [ 1 ]. The signs and symptoms usually comprise weight loss despite polyphagia, increased activity/restlessness, polyuria/polydipsia, an unkempt coat, and gastrointestinal signs, such as vomiting and diarrhea [ 2 ]. Some studies underlined the relationship between an excess of thyroid hormones and other diseases, such as chronic kidney failure, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic heart disorders [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MMI is usually administered by the oral route at a starting dose ranging from 2.50 mg to 5.0 mg per cat twice daily, depending on the severity of the disease. The twice daily regimen is preferred to the single administration of a higher dose because it induces less serious adverse reactions [ 2 ]. Indeed, several cases of MMI-induced organ injury, including renal impairment, are reported in the literature both in humans and in cats [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Methimazole Induced Oxidative Stress in a Feline Kidney Epithelial Cell Line (CRFK)

Girolami

Candellone

Jarriyawattanachaikul

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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The treatment of choice for feline hyperthyroidism is the administration of the antithyroid drug methimazole. Both the endocrinopathy and the drug adverse reactions (e.g., hepatotoxicosis, gastrointestinal disorders, and renal injury) are partly due to oxidative stress and redox unbalance. This study investigated the free radical production and the impairment of the antioxidant barrier induced by methimazole in an in vitro model of feline renal epithelium. The protective effects of quercetin and resveratrol were also explored. CRFK cells were incubated with a methimazole concentration equivalent to the maximum plasma levels in orally treated cats (4 µM), in the presence or absence of either one of the two selected antioxidants at different time-points (up to 72 h). Cell viability, ROS production, GSH levels, and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST) were assessed. Methimazole impaired cell viability and increased ROS levels in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, GSH content and CAT, SOD, and GPx3 expression were higher compared with control cells. Such effects were significantly counteracted by quercetin. These results provide new insights about the mechanisms underlying the methimazole-related side effects frequently observed in hyperthyroid cats. They also support the use of quercetin in the management of feline hyperthyroidism.

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Urinary iodine clearance after iodinated contrast administration to healthy cats

Allegrini,

Poirier,

Pezzali

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundExogenous iodine interferes with the uptake of radioactive iodine (131I) by the thyroid gland. This has potential implications for the treatment of cats with hyperthyroidism that have recently undergone computed tomography (CT) with IV administration of iodinated contrast medium (ICM).HypothesisTo determine the time to normalize urinary iodine clearance after administration of ICM. We hypothesized that it would require 4 weeks for urinary iodine concentration (UIC) to decrease to baseline after IV administration of ICM.AnimalsTen healthy adult neutered male cats.MethodsAll cats were sedated and received Iopamidol at a dose of 2 mL/kg (600 mg/kg). Urinary iodine and creatinine concentrations were measured before administration of Iopamidol and on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 10 and weeks 2 to 6 after administration. The urinary iodine‐to‐creatinine ratio (UICR) was calculated. Outcome variables were modeled using a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsUrinary iodine concentration increased 37‐ to 884‐fold on Day 1 after ICM injection and returned to baseline during Week 2. Compared with baseline, UIC was significantly increased for Days 1 to 7 (all P < .001); UC was significantly lower for Days 1 to 10 (all P < .03); and UICR was significantly increased from Days 1 to 10 (all P < .001, except Day 10 P = .05).ConclusionsUrinary clearance of iodine after IV administration of ICM requires 10 days to return to baseline in healthy cats. A 2‐week interval between the iodinated contrast study and 131I treatment could be appropriate but needs to be confirmed in hyperthyroid cats.

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Diagnosis and management of feline hyperthyroidism: current perspectives

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess health‐related quality‐of‐life in cats with hyperthyroidism

Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess health‐related quality‐of‐life in cats with hyperthyroidism

Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Methimazole Induced Oxidative Stress in a Feline Kidney Epithelial Cell Line (CRFK)

Urinary iodine clearance after iodinated contrast administration to healthy cats

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