Diagnosis and Psychotherapeutic Needs by Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic and incurable. Imperious diarrhea, rectal bleeding, fatigue, and weight loss, the main manifestations, cause a decrease in the quality of the patient’s personal and professional life. The objectives of this study were to identify a possible relationship between early maladaptive schemas and disease activity status using logistic regression, to identify the prevalence of early maladaptive schemes in patients and to propose a psychotherapeutic intervention plan. The following were found in a sample of 46 patients aged 16–76 years. An increase in the domain overvigilance and inhibition score had a significant effect (Wald = 6.583, p = 0.010), with an increase of 1.137 CI95% [1.031, 1.254] of the risk of the disease being diagnosed as active. High and very high scores were observed for the emotional deprivation scheme (nearly three-quarters) and dependence/incompetence, vulnerability to harm and illness and subjugation schemas (over 80%). The results show that the proposed model could predict and reconfirm the diagnosis; patients have specific psychotherapeutic needs. The therapeutic goal would be to offer care, empathy and protection, to strengthen self-confidence, to make patients realize that they have the ability to cope, to provide permission, encourage the patient to experiment, and guide the patient to express their anger healthily. The therapy scheme’s intervention could lead to increased long-term disease management capacity and, consequently, reduce costs directly and indirectly caused by this condition.

Freiburg personality inventory in inflammatory bowel disease: diagnosis and psychotherapeutic needs

“…Raw scores on the Social Orientation, Frankness, and Extraversion scales were all significantly lower in the IBD sample than the normative sample. Rada et al (2022) obtained similar trends by using The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short form, namely: high and very high scores on social isolation/estrangement, negativity/pessimism, emotional inhibition and vulnerability to harm and illness…”

The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas on the relationship between illness perception and pain coping strategies among adolescents diagnosed with migraine

“…Recently, many studies have explored the role of early maladaptive schemas on migraine, tension headaches, breast cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. ( 19 – 21 ). According to the STM, basic emotional needs that are not appropriately satisfied during early life and repetitive adverse experience during childhood and adolescence form early maladaptive schema domains (EMSDs) in time.…”

Structural Model for Explaining Quality of Life Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas and the Role of Treatment Adherence and Coping Strategies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…It can also be said that the activation of early maladaptive schemas (through facing restrictions and stresses from the disease) generates a vast amount of negative and unpleasant emotions, and individuals employ maladaptive coping strategies to deal with the turmoil caused by schema activation. Since individuals feel comfortable with their schemas and need cognitive congruence, they fight for the survival and continuation of their schema, one of the mechanisms they use is employing maladaptive coping strategies (Rada et al, 2022). Following the use of maladaptive coping strategies, they experience more psychological disturbances, and their quality of life decreases.…”