Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy by vaginal ultrasonography in combination with a discriminatory serum hCG level of 1000 IU/1 (IRP)

Cacciatore, Bruno; Stenman, Ulf‐Hǎkan; Ylöstalo, Pekka

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02445.x

Cited by 194 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is assumed that some miscarriages are due to a primary failure of the trophoblast to produce hCG. Low levels of hCG in the first trimester of pregnancy has long been considered as a predictor of miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and failure of IVF procedure [7][8][9]. Intensive studies have revealed that its function includes maintaining the production of steroid hormones and other growth factors in the corpus luteum, blastocyst implantation, uterine vascularization and angiogenesis, uterine quiescence, and immunological adaptation during pregnancy [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CGB genes encode the receptor-binding and hormonespecific subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), which is an indispensable placental hormone in human pregnancy [6]. Low levels of hCG during the first trimester of pregnancy are related to miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy [7][8][9]. At the same time, high concentration of hCG, especially its beta subunit, is a diagnostic marker for gestational trophoblastic diseases [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of rs7260002 of chorionic gonadotrophin β5 with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in Chinese population

Sun

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose Low levels of serum hCG during the first trimester is regarded as a predictor of miscarriage. This study was designed to examine whether variance in chorionic gonadotrophin β5 (Cgb5) gene confers risk to recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) in Chinese women. Methods We recruited a total of 454 RSA subjects and 460 controls from our medical center between the years 2010 to 2013. rs7260002, which resides in the promoter region of Cgb5, was genotyped through direct sequencing. Results The carriers with the minor allele of rs7260002 had reduced risk of RSA (P=0.018; P adjusted=0.032; OR: 0.76; 95 % CI: 0.61-0.96). Genotype frequency was further analyzed under additive, recessive, and dominant models. Significant differences between the RSA subjects and controls were detected under additive and recessive models (P additive= 0.040; P recessive=0.010). Conclusions The current study identified a protective allele of the Cgb5 gene against RSA. Functional studies are required to elucidate the effect of the identified SNP on CGB expression and HCG hormone activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of rs7260002 of chorionic gonadotrophin β5 with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in Chinese population

Sun

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…In clinical practice the vast majority of ectopic pregnancies can be visualised using TVS [3,4]. Consequently, the use of laparoscopy as a tool to diagnose ectopic pregnancy should be the exception rather than the rule.…”

Section: Surgical Management Of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a pregnancy cannot be seen using TVS, then it is classified as a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL), 10% of which are ectopic pregnancies. One should visualise between 87 and 93% of ectopic pregnancies using TVS prior to surgery [3,4]. Misdiagnosis should be a rare event with the use of TVS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The management of ectopic pregnancies and pregnancies of unknown location

2004

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Since the introduction of dedicated Early Pregnancy Units and the use of high-resolution transvaginal probes ectopic pregnancies are diagnosed at earlier gestations. As a result, the treatment options in the management of ectopic pregnancies have diversified. In this review, the role of transvaginal sonography in the management of women with ectopic pregnancies is described and the different treatment modalities available in their management are critically evaluated. We assert that ectopic pregnancy should be diagnosed on the basis of positively visualising an adnexal mass using transvaginal sonography, rather than the absence of an intrauterine pregnancy. If a pregnancy cannot be seen, either inside or outside the uterus, this should be described as a pregnancy of unknown location and managed expectantly until the outcome is confirmed.

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“…Ectopic pregnancy is a tragedy of reproduction, and a form of reproductive failure in index pregnancy of effected women. Such women have a 7-15% chance of recurrence, and only 40-60% chance of conceiving after surgery [14]. Ectopic pregnancy presents a major health problem for women of childbearing age, and if not treated vigorously and early enough it may be fatal and is of immerse concern to reproductive health and is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy and Mode of Management at Al-Thawra General Modern Hospital

Aj¹,

Dikrayat²

2017

Crit Care Obst & Gyne

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Objective: To determine the frequency of tubal ectopic pregnancy and to evaluate the epidemiological and common predisposing factors in cases study. To determine the mode of management of tubal ectopic pregnancy.Study Design: This is a prospective descriptive analytic study carried out from 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2013 at obstetric and gynecological unit at Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen.Results: Total number of deliveries from the 1st of January 2013 till the 31st of December 2013, were a total of 9330 deliveries, out of which 103 women had tubal ectopic pregnancy creating an incidence of 1.1% of the total deliveries with a ratio of 11/1000 live births. The mean age of the patients was 27.8 yrs and ranged between 17-40 years of age. It was most common in multipara with a percentage of 78.67 54.4% of women were Qat chewers and smokers. It was more commonly found in women of low economic status with 90.3%. 30.1% of women with it had a history of abortion, 70.9% had a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, 20.8% had a history of an abdominopelvic surgery, 11.7% were using intrauterine device and 5.8% were using progesterone-only pills, 1.9% had a history of tubal sterilization, 88.3% presented with abdominal pain, 72.8% gave a history of amenorrhea, 63.1% presented with vaginal bleeding, 79.6% presented with hemodynamic instability, 86.5% were treated surgically, and 14.5% were treated medically using Methotrexate. The surgical treatment was salpingectomy in 90.4%, and 6.6% was salpingostomy. There were no maternal mortalities. Conclusion:The most common risk factors found in patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy were previous abortions and PID. The majority of the patients were treated surgically as they were lately presented in a state of hemodynamic instability. 14.5% were treated medically and this proved to be very effective.

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Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy by vaginal ultrasonography in combination with a discriminatory serum hCG level of 1000 IU/1 (IRP)

Cited by 194 publications

References 12 publications

Association of rs7260002 of chorionic gonadotrophin β5 with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in Chinese population

Association of rs7260002 of chorionic gonadotrophin β5 with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in Chinese population

The management of ectopic pregnancies and pregnancies of unknown location

Frequency of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy and Mode of Management at Al-Thawra General Modern Hospital

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