Diagnostic Criteria for Primary Tic Disorders: Time for Reappraisal

Abstract

The most widely applied diagnostic criteria for Tourette syndrome (TS) and other persistent motor and vocal tic disorders (PMVTD) are those included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association. 1 These criteria have remained substantially unchanged for the past 30 years since the DSM-IV was published in 1994. 2 DSM-IV and DSM-5-text revised (TR) criteria for