Diagnostic delays in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients and health systems

Ahmed, Anwar

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2019.04.002

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Antiviral therapeutic treatment windows are typically limited to the viral phase of infection, after which they are ineffective 82 . These limited treatment windows render testing crucial in outbreak situations 83 . In the inflammatory phase, treatment options include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, which dampen the host immune response in an attempt to control inflammatory damage 84 .…”

Section: Review Article | Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing therapeutic approaches for twenty-first-century emerging infectious viral diseases

Meganck

Baric

2021

Nat Med

181

161

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The twenty-first century has already recorded more than ten major epidemic or pandemic virus emergence events, including the ongoing and devastating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As viral disease emergence is expected to accelerate, these data dictate a need for proactive approaches to develop broadly active family-specific and cross-family therapeutics for use in future disease outbreaks. Emphasis should focus not only on the development of broad-spectrum small-molecule and antibody direct-acting antivirals, but also on host-factor therapeutics, including repurposing previously approved or in-pipeline drugs. Another new class of therapeutics with great antiviral therapeutic potential is RNA-based therapeutics. Rather than only focusing on known risks, dedicated efforts must be made toward pre-emptive research focused on outbreak-prone virus families, ultimately offering a strategy to shorten the gap between outbreak and response. Emphasis should also focus on orally available drugs for outpatient use, if possible, and on identifying combination therapies that combat viral and immune-mediated pathologies, extend the effectiveness of therapeutic windows and reduce drug resistance. While such an undertaking will require new vision, dedicated funding and private, federal and academic partnerships, this approach offers hope that global populations need never experience future pandemics such as COVID-19.

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Section: Review Article | Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing therapeutic approaches for twenty-first-century emerging infectious viral diseases

Meganck

Baric

2021

Nat Med

181

161

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“…The most recent human coronavirus (CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) or MERS-CoV [1], continues circulating and impacting healthcare systems in Saudi Arabia [2]. Despite the virus having been linked to high mortality [3,4], its transmission mechanisms remain inadequately understood [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate factors and incidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Altamimi

Ahmed

2020

Journal of Infection and Public Health

Self Cite

132

115

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Our understanding of climate factors and their links to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks is incomplete. This study aimed to estimate the monthly incidence of MERS-CoV cases and to investigate their correlation to climate factors. Methods: The study used aggregated monthly MERS-CoV cases that reported to the Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control from the Riyadh Region between November 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018. Data on the meteorological situation throughout the study period was calculated based on Google reports on the Riyadh Region (24.7136 • N, 46.6753 • E). The Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each climate factor. Results: A total of 712 MERS-CoV cases were included in the analysis (mean age 54.2 ± 9.9 years), and more than half (404) (56.1%) MERS-CoV cases were diagnosed during a five-month period from . High temperatures (IRR = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.043-1.065) and a high ultraviolet index (IRR = 1.401, 95% CI: 1.331-1.475) were correlated with a higher incidence of MERS-CoV cases. However, low relative humidity (IRR = 0.956, 95% CI: 0.948-0.964) and low wind speed (IRR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.912-0.979) were correlated with a lower incidence of MERS-CoV cases. Conclusion: The novel coronavirus, MERS-CoV, is influenced by climate conditions with increasing incidence between April and August. High temperature, high ultraviolet index, low wind speed, and low relative humidity are contributors to increased MERS-CoV cases. The climate factors must be evaluated in hospitals and community settings and integrated into guidelines to serve as source of control measures to prevent and eliminate the risk of infection.

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“…Given the rapid progression of symptoms to terminal illness, there is only approximately a 1 week treatment window after the onset of symptoms for antiviral and medical intervention (Widagdo et al, 2017). This treatment window could further compromised by delays in virus diagnosis, causing a challenge for timely medical intervention administration when the virus titers and pathological symptom are relatively mild (Corman et al, 2015;Ahmed, 2019). Unlike humans, experimental animal models have a compressed disease course (<7 days), and it is difficult to differentiate between early and late phase of infection.…”

Section: Antivirals the Challenge For Treatment Windowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current and Future State of Vaccines, Antivirals and Gene Therapies Against Emerging Coronaviruses

et al. 2020

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Emerging coronaviruses (CoV) are constant global public health threats to society. Multiple ongoing clinical trials for vaccines and antivirals against CoVs showcase the availability of medical interventions to both prevent and treat the future emergence of highly pathogenic CoVs in human. However, given the diverse nature of CoVs and our close interactions with wild, domestic and companion animals, the next epidemic zoonotic CoV could resist the existing vaccines and antivirals developed, which are primarily focused on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV). In late 2019, the novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, causing global public health concern. In this review, we will summarize the key advancements of current vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well as discuss the challenge and opportunity in the current SARS-CoV-2 crisis. At the end, we advocate the development of a "plug-and-play" platform technologies that could allow quick manufacturing and administration of broad-spectrum countermeasures in an outbreak setting. We will discuss the potential of AAV-based gene therapy technology for in vivo therapeutic antibody delivery to combat SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the future emergence of severe CoVs.

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Diagnostic delays in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients and health systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Developing therapeutic approaches for twenty-first-century emerging infectious viral diseases

Developing therapeutic approaches for twenty-first-century emerging infectious viral diseases

Climate factors and incidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

The Current and Future State of Vaccines, Antivirals and Gene Therapies Against Emerging Coronaviruses

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