Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract differentially regulates the production of TNF?, IL-6, and IL-8 in bacterial component-activated leukocytes and endothelial cells

Ojeda, Miriam Ojeda; Veer, Cornelis van’t; Ortega, Celia Berta Fernández; Rosaínz, Manuel de Jesús Araña; Buurman, Wim A.

doi:10.1007/s00011-004-1326-5

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported DLE in vitro reduced HIV-1 transcription [42] by regulating activation of NF-κB and Sp1 transcription factors [42-44]. Other studies reported DLE induced the production of leukocytes and reduced TNF-α [44] and TFG-β1 [45] secretion, which are cytokines that play a pivotal role in HIV-1 pathogenesis by up-regulating the transcription of HIV-1 and increasing the expression of HIV co-receptor CXCR4, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral mode of action of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

et al. 2011

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BackgroundBovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) is derived from immune leukocytes obtained from bovine spleen. DLE has demonstrated to reduce transcription of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and inactivate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Therefore, we decided to clarify the mode of antiviral action of bDLE on the inhibition of HIV-1 infection through a panel of antiviral assays.ResultsThe cytotoxicity, HIV-1 inhibition activity, residual infectivity of bDLE in HIV-1, time of addition experiments, fusion inhibition of bDLE for fusogenic cells and the duration of cell protection even after the removal of bDLE were all assessed in order to discover more about the mode of the antiviral action.HIV-1 infectivity was inhibited by bDLE at doses that were not cytotoxic for HeLa-CD4-LTR-β-gal cells. Pretreatment of HIV-1 with bDLE did not decrease the infectivity of these viral particles. Cell-based fusion assays helped to determine if bDLE could inhibit fusion of Env cells against CD4 cells by membrane fusion and this cell-based fusion was inhibited only when CD4 cells were treated with bDLE. Infection was inhibited in 80% compared with the positive (without EDL) at all viral life cycle stages in the time of addition experiments when bDLE was added at different time points. Finally, a cell-protection assay against HIV-1 infection by bDLE was performed after treating host cells with bDLE for 30 minutes and then removing them from treatment. From 0 to 7 hours after the bDLE was completely removed from the extracellular compartment, HIV-1 was then added to the host cells. The bDLE was found to protect the cells from HIV-1 infection, an effect that was retained for several hours.ConclusionsbDLE acted as an antiviral compound and prevented host cell infection by HIV-1 at all viral life cycle stages. These cell protection effects lingered for hours after the bDLE was removed. Interestingly, bDLE inhibited fusion of fusogenic cells by acting only on CD4 cells. bDLE had no virucidal effect, but could retain its antiviral effect on target cells after it was removed from the extracellular compartment, protecting the cells from infection for hours.bDLE, which has no reported side effects or toxicity in clinical trials, should therefore be further studied to determine its potential use as a therapeutic agent in HIV-1 infection therapy, in combination with known antiretrovirals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral mode of action of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

et al. 2011

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“…An enhanced production of IL-6 has been also reported after addition of human dialyzable leukocyte extract to leukocytes stimulated by various cell wall constituents [17]. In this study [17], levels of G-CSF have not been assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Recently results of in vitro experiments have also been published, which demonstrate production of various cytokines by low-molecular-weight leukocyte extracts in murine peritoneal macrophages [16] or human leukocytes [17]. Our present study demonstrates in an in vivo setting that administration of a lowmolecular weight ultrafiltered pig leukocyte extract IMUNOR® induces production of IL-6 and G-CSF but not of other cytokines, which could mediate the hematopoiesis-stimulating effects of IMUNOR®, namely those of GM-CSF and IL-3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of G-CSF and IL-6 in the granulopoiesis-stimulating activity of murine blood serum induced by perorally administered ultrafiltered pig leukocyte extract, IMUNOR®

Vácek

Höfer

Holá

et al. 2007

International Immunopharmacology

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] A pesar de esto, su mecanismo de acción no se encuentra totalmente esclarecido, pero se postula que está implicada la modificación de la señalización de la respuesta inmune innata (↑TLR 2, ↑TRL 4, ↑IL-2rα, NF-κβ), lo que origina la elevación de los niveles de TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, INFγ y AMPc, [20][21][22] sin embargo, no se cuenta con una regulación de las fuentes de obtención, composición proteica y esquemas terapéuticos. 22 Objetivos Analizar los perfiles proteicos de los diferentes FT comercializados en México por los siguientes méto-dos: cuantitativo de Bradford, cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida en condiciones desnaturalizantes (SDS-PAGE).…”

Section: Abreviaturas Y Siglasunclassified

Determinación y análisis del perfil proteico de diferentes factores de transferencia

Guidos

Paredes-Aguilar

Colín-Martínez

et al. 2016

RAM

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Background: The transfer factor (TF) is the dialyzable extract of leukocytes with cellular immunity transfer properties. Its use has spread in the treatment of a wide range of immunologic, infectious, and even oncological diseases. However, important aspects in their protein profile, component concentrations, and a well-defined action mechanism are not completely unknown. Objectives: To analyze the protein profiles of different transfer factors marketed in Mexico. Methods: 6 TF marketed in Mexico were obtained and analyzed, quantifying protein with thaze Bradford method, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). All samples were analyzed in duplicate. Results: The total protein concentrations of all TF analyzed are less than 0.2 mg/mL. The chromatographic profiles showed differences in some TF. The protein concentration was 6 to almost one thousand times lower compared to reports by some manufacturers. Conclusion: Almost all transfer factors marketed in Mexico lack a labeling and health record that meets the official standards.

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Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract differentially regulates the production of TNF?, IL-6, and IL-8 in bacterial component-activated leukocytes and endothelial cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Antiviral mode of action of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

Antiviral mode of action of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

The role of G-CSF and IL-6 in the granulopoiesis-stimulating activity of murine blood serum induced by perorally administered ultrafiltered pig leukocyte extract, IMUNOR®

Determinación y análisis del perfil proteico de diferentes factores de transferencia

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