Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film bioelectrodes: Effect of thermal post-treatments and the use of Ti adhesion layer

Laurila, Tomi; Rautiainen, Antti; Sintonen, Sakari; Jiang, Hua; Kaivosoja, Emilia; Koskinen, Jari

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.035

Cited by 31 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The probes had different original specifications, and thus, before actual measurements force-distance spectroscopy was carried out in order to find the actual value of passing force between the probe and the sample surface. Passing force values were 2.1 and 0.75 µN for DCP10 and HA_HP_DCP probes, respectively [31]. Current maps are presented in Figure 1 (for HA_HP_DCP probe only).…”

Section: Physical Characterization Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, we have previously shown that functionalizing ta-C with NH2 groups allows the immobilization of GluOx on ta-C [29] which makes the material suitable candidate for biosensor applications. In addition, our ta-C electrodes with small exposed Pt areas were an order of magnitude more sensitive towards dopamine compared to Pt electrodes [30], [31]. In this paper we inspect detection of H2O2 on hybrid Pt-doped ta-C in comparison with pure ta-C and Pt and evaluate biofouling properties of the samples by immersion in protein solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide on platinum-containing tetrahedral amorphous carbon sensors and evaluation of their biofouling properties

Tujunen

Kaivosoja

Protopopova

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Hydrogen peroxide is the product of various enzymatic reactions, and is thus typically utilized as the analyte in biosensors. However, its detection with conventional materials, such as noble metals or glassy carbon, is often hindered by slow kinetics and biofouling of the electrode. In this study electrochemical properties and suitability to peroxide detection as well as ability to resist biofouling of Pt-doped ta-C samples were evaluated. Pure ta-C and pure Pt were used as references. According to the results presented here it is proposed that combining ta-C with Pt results in good electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 oxidation with better tolerance towards aqueous environment mimicking physiological conditions compared to pure Pt. In biofouling experiments, however, both the hybrid material and Pt were almost completely blocked after immersion in protein-containing solutions and did not produce any peaks for ferrocenemethanol oxidation or reduction. On the contrary, it was still possible to obtain clear peaks for H2O2 oxidation with them after similar treatment. Moreover, quartz crystal microbalance experiment showed less protein adsorption on the hybrid sample compared to Pt which is also supported by the electrochemical biofouling experiments for H2O2 detection.

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Section: Physical Characterization Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide on platinum-containing tetrahedral amorphous carbon sensors and evaluation of their biofouling properties

Tujunen

Kaivosoja

Protopopova

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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“…Unfortunately, the sensitivity of DLC coated electrodes towards, for example dopamine, is typically not high enough if other more electrochemically active materials are not combined with the DLC matrix [4]. The purpose of this work is to show that by utilizing a specific deposition process for DLC thin film electrode system, it is possible to achieve not only chemically very inert, but at the same time electrochemically active electrode material.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently shown that DLC electrodes are exceptionally stable in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, but can still be utilized to detect biomolecules by inducing local electrochemically active spots on the otherwise inert DLC electrode [4]. Furthermore, DLC in its many forms is an attractive electrode material because of its antifouling properties and general biocompatibility [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New electrochemically improved tetrahedral amorphous carbon films for biological applications

Laurila

Protopopova

Rhode

et al. 2014

Diamond and Related Materials

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Carbon based materials have been frequently used to detect different biomolecules. For example high sp 3 containing hydrogen free diamond-like carbon (DLC) possesses many properties that are beneficial for biosensor applications. Unfortunately, the sensitivities of the DLC electrodes are typically low. Here we demonstrate that by introducing topography on the DLC surface and by varying its layer thickness, it is possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of DLC thin film electrodes towards dopamine. The electrode structures are characterized in detail by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). With cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements we demonstrate that the new improved DLC electrode has a very wide water window, but at the same time it also exhibits fast electron transfer rate at the electrode/solution interface. In addition, it is shown that the sensitivity towards dopamine is increased up to two orders of magnitude in comparison to the previously fabricated DLC films, which are used as benchmarks in this investigation. Finally, it is shown, based on the cyclic voltammetry measurements that dopamine exhibits highly complex behavior on top of these carbon electrodes.

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“…ta-C has a water window of 3.7 V; making it an attractive sensor material as a wide water window enables a large operational range for analyte detection in water based solutions [12]. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated improved sensitivity towards dopamine with ta-C electrodes [13,14]. However, carbon based materials are relatively insensitive to hydrogen peroxide and therefore we need Pt alloyed ta-C films.…”

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confidence: 99%

Glutamate detection by amino functionalized tetrahedral amorphous carbon surfaces

Kaivosoja

Tujunen

Jokinen

et al. 2015

Talanta

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In this paper, a novel amperometric glutamate biosensor with glutamate oxidase (GlOx) immobilized directly on NH2 functionalized, platinum doped tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film, has been successfully developed. First, we demonstrate that direct GlOx immobilization is more effective on amino-groups than on carboxyl-or hydroxyl-groups. Second, we show that anodizing and plasma treatments increase the amount of nitrogen and the proportion of protonated 2 amino groups relative to amino groups on the aminosilane coating, which subsequently results in an increased amount of active GlOx on the surface. This effect, however, is found to be unstable due to unstable electrostatic interactions between GlOx and NH3 + . We demonstrate the detection of glutamate in the concentration range of 10 µM−1mM using the NH2 functionalized Pt doped ta-C surface. The biosensor showed high sensitivity (2.9 nA μM -1 cm -2 ), low detection limit (10 μM) and good storage stability. The electrode response to glutamate was linear in the concentrations ranging from10 µM to 500 µM. In conclusion, the study shows that GlOx immobilization is most effective on aminosilane treated ta-C surface without any pre-treatments and the fabricated sensor structure is able to detect glutamate in the micromolar range.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film bioelectrodes: Effect of thermal post-treatments and the use of Ti adhesion layer

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide on platinum-containing tetrahedral amorphous carbon sensors and evaluation of their biofouling properties

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide on platinum-containing tetrahedral amorphous carbon sensors and evaluation of their biofouling properties

New electrochemically improved tetrahedral amorphous carbon films for biological applications

Glutamate detection by amino functionalized tetrahedral amorphous carbon surfaces

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