Diazinon dissipation from vegetation, occurrence in earthworms, and presence in avian gastrointestinal tracts collected from apple orchards following D‐Z‐N® 50W application

Cobb, George P.; Mellott, Ron S.; Brewer, Larry W.; Bens, Catherine M.; Kendall, Ronald J.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620190519

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, herbivores may be exposed through consumption of vegetation organs, since cultivated and wild plants have been shown to be contaminated by systemic insecticides 49 . Both BRPs and CUPs have been found to accumulate in earthworms, and in insects constituting the boluses of bird nestlings 11 , 65 – 67 . Pesticide overspray can also be an exposure pathway for wildlife, with potential uptake via dermal and respiratory routes but also oral route due to grooming 68 , 69 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervasive exposure of wild small mammals to legacy and currently used pesticide mixtures in arable landscapes

Fritsch

Appenzeller

Burkart

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Knowledge gaps regarding the potential role of pesticides in the loss of agricultural biodiversity worldwide and mixture-related issues hamper proper risk assessment of unintentional impacts of pesticides, rendering essential the monitoring of wildlife exposure to these compounds. Free-ranging mammal exposure to legacy (Banned and Restricted: BRPs) and currently used (CUPs) pesticides was investigated, testing the hypotheses of: (1) a background bioaccumulation for BRPs whereas a “hot-spot” pattern for CUPs, (2) different contamination profiles between carnivores and granivores/omnivores, and (3) the role of non-treated areas as refuges towards exposure to CUPs. Apodemus mice (omnivore) and Crocidura shrews (insectivore) were sampled over two French agricultural landscapes (n = 93). The concentrations of 140 parent chemicals and metabolites were screened in hair samples. A total of 112 compounds were detected, showing small mammal exposure to fungicides, herbicides and insecticides with 32 to 65 residues detected per individual (13–26 BRPs and 18–41 CUPs). Detection frequencies exceeded 75% of individuals for 13 BRPs and 25 CUPs. Concentrations above 10 ng/g were quantified for 7 BRPs and 29 CUPs (in 46% and 72% of individuals, respectively), and above 100 ng/g for 10 CUPs (in 22% of individuals). Contamination (number of compounds or concentrations) was overall higher in shrews than rodents and higher in animals captured in hedgerows and cereal crops than in grasslands, but did not differ significantly between conventional and organic farming. A general, ubiquitous contamination by legacy and current pesticides was shown, raising issues about exposure pathways and impacts on ecosystems. We propose a concept referred to as “biowidening”, depicting an increase of compound diversity at higher trophic levels. This work suggests that wildlife exposure to pesticide mixtures is a rule rather than an exception, highlighting the need for consideration of the exposome concept and questioning appropriateness of current risk assessment and mitigation processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervasive exposure of wild small mammals to legacy and currently used pesticide mixtures in arable landscapes

Fritsch

Appenzeller

Burkart

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Mercury Occurrence in Prothonotary Warblers ( Protonotaria citrea ) Inhabiting a National Priorities List Site and Reference Areas in Southern Alabama

Adair

Reynolds

McMurry

et al. 2003

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Mercury occurrence in prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea) was evaluated over two years in southern Alabama. Mercury was found in warbler nestlings and adults inhabiting National Priority List (NPL) sites in McIntosh, Alabama. Food items that were collected from nestlings also contained elevated mercury. When mercury concentrations in soil, food, and nestling were plotted at each nest box location, the distribution of mercury in the three matrices yielded information that direct bioaccumulation factors could not. There were site differences in mercury accumulation in nestlings inhabiting the NPL sites. Nestling mercury accumulation correlated with solid mercury concentrations near the nest box where the nestling was raised. Trophic transport of mercury was poorly defined by mercury in food; however, closer examination of prey items shows that food source influences accumulation. Mercury distributions in matrices provide useful information of uptake that can be integrated with risk assessment endpoints.

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The Influence of Study Species Selection on Estimates of Pesticide Exposure in Free-Ranging Birds

Borges

Vyas²,

Christman

2013

Environmental Management

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Field studies of pesticide effects on birds often utilize indicator species with the purpose of extrapolating to other avian taxa. Little guidance exists for choosing indicator species to monitor the presence and/or effects of contaminants that are labile in the environment or body, but are acutely toxic, such as anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) insecticides. Use of an indicator species that does not represent maximum exposure and/or effects could lead to inaccurate risk estimates. Our objective was to test the relevance of a priori selection of indicator species for a study on pesticide exposure to birds inhabiting fruit orchards. We used total plasma ChE activity and ChE reactivation to describe the variability in anti-ChE pesticide exposure among avian species in two conventionally managed fruit orchards. Of seven species included in statistical analyses, the less common species, chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina), showed the greatest percentage of exposed individuals and the greatest ChE depression, whereas the two most common species, American robins (Turdus migratorius) and gray catbirds (Dumatella carolinensis), did not show significant exposure. Due to their lower abundance, chipping sparrows would have been an unlikely choice for study. Our results show that selection of indicator species using traditionally accepted criteria such as abundance and ease of collection may not identify species that are at greatest risk. Our efforts also demonstrate the usefulness of conducting multiple-species pilot studies prior to initiating detailed studies on pesticide effects. A study such as ours can help focus research and resources on study species that are most appropriate.

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Diazinon dissipation from vegetation, occurrence in earthworms, and presence in avian gastrointestinal tracts collected from apple orchards following D‐Z‐N® 50W application

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Pervasive exposure of wild small mammals to legacy and currently used pesticide mixtures in arable landscapes

Pervasive exposure of wild small mammals to legacy and currently used pesticide mixtures in arable landscapes

Mercury Occurrence in Prothonotary Warblers ( Protonotaria citrea ) Inhabiting a National Priorities List Site and Reference Areas in Southern Alabama

The Influence of Study Species Selection on Estimates of Pesticide Exposure in Free-Ranging Birds

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