Diclofenac Sodium Solvent Extraction Based on Two‐Phase Flow Patterns

Abstract

Diclofenac (DF) solvent extraction using tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) in Y‐type microfluidic junctions with liquid‐liquid two‐phase flow patterns was investigated. The hydrodynamics of parallel, slug, and droplet flows were examined. The results indicated that the extraction efficiency decreased with increasing velocity. At QO/QA greater than 2.5, the flow pattern was converted from slug into droplet flow, and due to the enlargement of the specific surface area, the extraction efficiency increased. Slug flow provided an equilibrium extraction efficiency of 99.2 %. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient at different lengths and widths was evaluated. The best mass transfer performance occurred in microchannels with a length of 9 cm and a width of 400 µm.

Effect of oxidated golden shower on the adsorption of diclofenac sodium in wastewater

“…As a result, techniques for removing DCF from water that have a high adsorption capacity and efficiency for the removal of numerous PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products), including DCF, have been developed (Abo El Naga et al., 2019; Hao et al., 2019; Rasheed et al., 2020; Younes et al., 2019). Several other methods for removing DCF from wastewater include biological treatment, activated carbon, advanced oxidation Processes (AOP), Electrochemical, membrane bioreactor, coagulation‐flocculation with some modification, activated sludge, and filtration (Alfonso‐Muniozguren et al., 2021; Ansarimehr et al., 2023; Liu et al., 2023; Sun et al., 2023). Activated carbon is one of the DCF treatments in wastewater with high effectivity, and the adsorbent can be made from cheaper material (Al‐sareji et al., 2023; Shamsudin et al., 2022).…”