Did human evolution in skin of color enhance the TEWL barrier?

Peer, R.P.; Burli, Anuk; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1007/s00403-021-02197-z

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The skin functions as a protective barrier, serving to mitigate excessive moisture loss and prevent the ingress of deleterious substances, including chemicals and microorganisms, into the body. Compromised integrity of the skin barrier is associated with diminished moisture within the stratum corneum, heightened TEWL, diminished ceramide levels, and an elevated skin surface pH, collectively contributing to the manifestation of dry skin 21 . Dry skin, characterized by itching, epidermal hyperplasia, wrinkles, and other aging‐related indicators resulting from cellular damage, underscores the critical importance of sustaining optimal skin hydration 22,23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement

Oh,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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BackgroundJawoongo is used to treat and prevent skin issues such as dry and keratinization disorders, burns, trauma, pigmentation, scarring, and inflammatory skin conditions. In this study, the efficacy and safety of 0.47% Jawoongo extract‐containing soap (JAUN‐CS) were assessed in terms of skin improvement effects such as cleansing, moisturizing, sebum secretion management, and skin elasticity enhancement.MethodsTwenty healthy adult men and women aged 20–60 years old took part in the study. Before and after using JAUN‐CS, the participants were divided into groups, and various skin improvement effects were measured utilizing machines such as the Corneometer, Tewameter TM 300, and Visioscan. A dermatologist analyzed the product's safety in accordance with Frosch & Kligman and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) rules.ResultsUsing JAUN reduced the amount of base and point makeup by 25.7% and 76.7%, respectively. Also, JAUN showed a great facial exfoliation effect by removing the old and lifted skin keratins by 84.7% and 20.3%, respectively. Impurities in facial pores decreased by 58%, too. Furthermore, JAUN increased the moisture content of deep skin and skin surface by 3.5% and 74.0%, and skin elasticity by 2.8%. Skin tone, skin texture, skin radiance, and skin barrier all showed improvements of 3.3%, 20.0%, 15.0%, and 115.2%, respectively. Lastly, cleansing with JAUN successfully enhanced the condition of the youth triangle by 7.6%, while TEWL significantly decreased by 52.7%. Neither the JAUN nor the control group soap showed any adverse reactions, such as erythema or allergies, during the testing period.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that JAUN is safe for human use and has various skin‐improving properties, making Jawoongo a promising natural material for the development of functional cosmetics in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement

Oh,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…Then the back of each animal was then tape‐stripped 20–30 times with adhesive tape until the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) reached 35 g·cm −2 ·h −1 as measured by a VapoMeter (Delfin Technologies, Finland). Damaged skin is usually manifested by higher TEWL, which indicates increased water diffusion through the skin (Peer et al, 2022). The entire process of tape stripping took approximately 5 min to complete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oat β‐glucan repairs the epidermal barrier by upregulating the levels of epidermal differentiation, cell–cell junctions and lipids via Dectin‐1

Jing,

Fu,

Huang

et al. 2024

British J Pharmacology

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Background and PurposeOat β‐glucan (OG) could ameliorate epidermal hyperplasia and accelerate epidermal barrier repair. Dectin‐1 is one of the receptors of β‐glucan, and many biological functions of β‐glucan are mediated by Dectin‐1. Dectin‐1 has been demonstrated to promote wound healing through regulating the proliferation and migration of skin cells. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of OG and Dectin‐1 in epidermal barrier repair.Experimental ApproachTo investigate the role of Dectin‐1 in the epidermal barrier, indicators associated with the recovery of a damaged epidermal barrier, including histopathological changes, keratinization, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell‐cell junctions, and lipid content, were compared between WT and Dectin‐1‐/‐ mice. Further, the effect of OG on the disruption of the epidermal barrier was also compared between WT and Dectin‐1‐/‐ mice, respectively.Key ResultsDectin‐1 deficiency resulted in delayed recovery and marked keratinization, as well as abnormal levels of keratinocyte differentiation, cell‐cell junctions, and lipid synthesis during the restoration of the epidermal barrier. OG significantly reduces epidermal hyperplasia, promotes epidermal differentiation, increases cell‐cell junction expression, promotes lipid synthesis, and ultimately accelerates the recovery of damaged epidermal barriers via Dectin‐1. OG could promote CaSR expression and activate the PPAR‐γ signaling pathway via Dectin‐1.Conclusion and ImplicationsOG promote the recovery of damaged epidermal barriers through promoting epidermal differentiation, increasing the expression of cell‐cell junctions and lipid synthesis through Dectin‐1. Dectin‐1 deficiency delay the recovery of epidermal barriers, which indicated that Dectin‐1 may be a potential target in epidermal barrier repair.

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“…On the other hand, work by Warrier et al determined that basal TEWL was higher for White subjects’ skin vs. Black subjects’ skin when measured in vivo on the individuals’ cheeks and legs ( Warrier et al, 1996 ). Although many other studies reporting TEWL across racial and skin phototypes exist (reviewed in depth recently ( Peer et al, 2022 )), there is still a lack of a consensus as to how race or skin pigmentation relates to TEWL. As with many studies in this context, larger and more diverse cohorts, as well as better standardization of the categorization of study subjects (e.g., based on racial classification, anatomical regions, UV light exposure, age, and sex), are needed to fill this knowledge gap.…”

Section: Current Perspectives On the Correlation Of Race And The Huma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, work by Warrier et al determined that basal TEWL was higher for White subjects' skin vs. Black subjects' skin when measured in vivo on the individuals' cheeks and legs (Warrier et al, 1996). Although many other studies reporting TEWL across racial and skin phototypes exist (reviewed in depth recently (Peer et al, 2022)), there is still a…”

Section: Transepidermal Water Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, pigmentation, and the human skin barrier—considerations for dermal absorption studies

Salminen,

Manga,

Camacho

2023

Front. Toxicol.

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A functional human skin barrier is critical in limiting harmful exposure to environmental agents and regulating the absorption of intentionally applied topical drug and cosmetic products. Inherent differences in the skin barrier between consumers due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors are an important consideration in the safety assessment of dermatological products. Race is a concept often used to describe a group of people who share distinct physical characteristics. The observed predisposition of specific racial groups to certain skin pathologies highlights the potential differences in skin physiology between these groups. In the context of the human skin barrier, however, the current data correlating function to race often conflict, likely as a consequence of the range of experimental approaches and controls used in the existing works. To date, a variety of methods have been developed for evaluating compound permeation through the human skin, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, great strides have been made in the development of reconstructed human pigmented skin models, with the flexibility to incorporate melanocytes from donors of different race and pigmentation levels. Together, the advances in the production of reconstructed human skin models and the increased adoption of in vitro methodologies show potential to aid in the standardization of dermal absorption studies for discerning racial- and skin pigmentation-dependent differences in the human skin barrier. This review analyzes the existing data on skin permeation, focusing on its interaction with race and skin pigmentation, and highlights the tools and research opportunities to better represent the diversity of the human populations in dermal absorption assessments.

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Did human evolution in skin of color enhance the TEWL barrier?

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement

The effects of Jawoongo soap on skin improvement

Oat β‐glucan repairs the epidermal barrier by upregulating the levels of epidermal differentiation, cell–cell junctions and lipids via Dectin‐1

Race, pigmentation, and the human skin barrier—considerations for dermal absorption studies

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