“…Labour market interventions, from the form of wage bargaining to equal treatment and non-discrimination laws, might shape the magnitude of gender gaps (Hyland et al, 2020;Manning, 2003;Weichselbaumer & Winter-Ebmer, 2007). Our knowledge on the effect of these kinds of institutional arrangements on pay gap is limited and a consensus is lacking (Caliendo & Wittbrodt, 2022;Bargain et al, 2019;Kahn, 2015;Neumark & Stock, 2006;Oostendorp, 2009;Panizza & Quiang, 2005;Schäfer & Gottschall, 2015), mainly because reductions in the gender pay gap might come at the expense of lower female employment.…”