Did You Just Cough? Visualization of Vapor Diffusion in an Office Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

AL-Rawi, Mohammad; Al‐Jumaily, Ahmed M.; Lazonby, Annette

doi:10.3390/ijerph19169928

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The CFD approach to the study of the spread of viral particles was used to simulate the transmission of the virus in urban public places [46,47], considering different landscape designs and air speeds, in rooms with different partitions [48][49][50][51][52], risks assessment [53][54][55], and construction drainage pipes [56]. Options for optimizing ventilation and air The factors that provide a comfortable microclimate and the theoretical foundations for modeling the microclimate in cabins based on the balance equations of heat flows are presented in [1][2][3][4][5], "the processes of convective heat exchange with the environment are described" [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CFD approach to the study of the spread of viral particles was used to simulate the transmission of the virus in urban public places [46,47], considering different landscape designs and air speeds, in rooms with different partitions [48][49][50][51][52], risks assessment [53][54][55], and construction drainage pipes [56]. Options for optimizing ventilation and air conditioning systems are considered, including the spread of a part of the virus in buildings [57], buses and trains [58,59], and in two-phase flow systems [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Spread of Virus Particles in the Car Interior

2023

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The epidemic caused by the coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 at the beginning of 2022 affected approximately 500 million people in all countries. The source of infection is the particles of the virus, which, when breathing, talking, and coughing, are released with the respiratory droplets and aerosol dust of an infected person. Actions aimed at combating and minimizing the consequences of coronavirus infection led to taking measures in scientific areas to investigate the processes of the spread of viral particles in the air, in ventilation, and air conditioning systems of premises and transport, filtration through masks, the effect of partitions, face shields, etc. The article presents a mathematical model of the spread of viral particles in technological transport. Air intake diverters and the operator’s respiratory tract are the sources of the virus. The Euler–Lagrange approach was used to simulate liquid droplets in a flow. Here, the liquid phase is considered as a continuous medium using Navier–Stokes equations, the continuity equation, the energy equation, and the diffusion equation. Accounting for diffusion makes it possible to explicitly model air humidity and is necessary to consider the evaporation of droplets (changes in the mass and size of particles containing the virus). Liquid droplets are modeled using the discrete-phase model (DPM), in which each particle is tracked in a Lagrange coordinate system. The DPM method is effective, since the volume fraction of particles is small relative to the total volume of the medium, and the interaction of particles with each other can be neglected. In this case, the discrete and continuous phases are interconnected through the source terms in the equations. The averaged RANS equations are solved numerically using the k-ω turbulence model in the Ansys Fluent package. The task was solved in a static form and in the time domain. For a non-stationary problem, the stabilization time of the variables is found. The simulation results are obtained in the form of fields of pressures, velocities, temperatures and air densities, and the field of propagation of particles containing the virus. Various regimes were studied at various free flow rates and initial velocities of droplets with viral particles. The results of trajectories and velocities of particles, and particle concentrations depending on time, size, and on the evaporability of particles are obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CFD approach to the study of the spread of viral particles was used to simulate the transmission of the virus in urban public places [46,47], considering different landscape designs and air speeds, in rooms with different partitions [48][49][50][51][52], risks assessment [53][54][55], and construction drainage pipes [56]. Options for optimizing ventilation and air conditioning systems are considered, including the spread of a part of the virus in buildings [57], buses and trains [58,59], and in two-phase flow systems [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Spread of Virus Particles in the Car Interior

2023

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Assessing Indoor Environmental Quality in a Crowded Low-Quality Built Environment: A Case Study

AL-Rawi

Lazonby²,

Wai³

2022

Atmosphere

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Home heating, cooling and ventilation are a major concern for those living in low-quality built environments, particularly those with high occupancy rates (crowded houses). In New Zealand, both owner-occupiers and tenants can experience problems associated with poor Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), such as poor thermal comfort and dampness, when Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems are not installed, improperly installed or too expensive to run. Occupants of poorer households are the most affected by high installation or running costs of HVAC systems, and are also more likely to live in households with a higher level of crowding. Poor IEQ in housing is associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly respiratory illness. This paper outlines the IEQ problems experienced by households living in an area of New Zealand with higher levels deprivation and shows how an HVAC system could be employed to remedy poor IEQ. This report presents a case study of a house with poor IEQ that was selected from a survey conducted across 24 homes in the Manukau, Auckland region of New Zealand. The IEQ results are presented for this house, which performs poorly in terms of relative humidity, temperature and thermal comfort. This house is then analysed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach in ANSYS CFX 2021R1 based on the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Airconditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard 55-2017 and a model of temperature and air flow is created in the software, which can identify ways to improve these parameters in the house. These results are compared with the New Zealand Healthy Homes Standards 2019. The simulation showed the system was capable of lifting the indoor temperature to above 21 ℃, eliminating cold spots and improving thermal comfort, and reduced relative humidity to below 50%.

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Did You Just Cough? Visualization of Vapor Diffusion in an Office Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Spread of Virus Particles in the Car Interior

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Spread of Virus Particles in the Car Interior

Assessing Indoor Environmental Quality in a Crowded Low-Quality Built Environment: A Case Study

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