Die Evolution von Unternehmen im Haushalts- und Familienkontext — Grundgedanken zu einer Theorie sozioökonomischer Hybridsysteme

Independent work, modern organizations and entrepreneurial labor: Diversity and hybridity of freelancers and self-employment

“…While 25.9% of the hybrid one-person enterprises stated to be single, the share of singles is only 16.1% in the group of ‘regular’ entrepreneurs. This result may reflect the economic necessity to gain income from more than one occupation in case of living alone, while additional incomes are not required with stable family backgrounds (Piorkowsky, 2002; Bögenhold & Fachinger, 2013a).…”

The environment for female entrepreneurship in Germany

“…The recently introduced “Startgeld” and the “Mikrokredit” are better suited to provide for women entrepreneurs' financial needs. Both these programmes reflect a shift in support policies, acknowledging the fact that women entrepreneurs need smaller amounts of credits, and/or they frequently start as part‐time ventures (Piorkowsky, 2001). A critical point could be that both programmes only support initial part‐time entrepreneurship.…”

Introduction

“…But, we also identified a few topics where German scholars pre-empted emerging debates in the field, as, for example, the current understanding around households and their role for entrepreneurial ventures beyond family businesses. For example, Michael-Burkhard Piorkowsky, a recently retired agricultural economist and professor at the University of Bonn, has devoted much of his research to the so-called 'household-enterprises', conceptualizing Chayanov's concept of the Russian peasant economy for entrepreneurship research and empirically studying this phenomenon for Germany (for example, Duschek et al 2003;Fleißig and Piorkowsky 2005;Piorkowsky 1997, 1999;Piorkowsky 2000Piorkowsky , 2002Piorkowsky and Holland 2001). A first step onto exploring entrepreneurial diversity and the heterogeneous nature of entrepreneurial activities -more than a decade before scholars started to argue against the Silicon Valley standard model of entrepreneurship (for example, Aldrich and Ruef 2018;Pahnke and Welter 2019).…”