Die experimentelle Cystitis, ein Modell chronischer Bakteriurie bei Ratten

Prát, V; Mohr, Hans-Jürgen; Hatala, M; Konícková, L

doi:10.1016/s0005-8165(73)80068-x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nalidixic acid, in agreement with prediction, was active in the ascending infection type but was considerably less active (about a 2 log difference) in the descending infection. These findings are similar to those of Prat et al ( 5 ) for nalidixic acid in a study of E. coli pyelonephritis in rabbits. In contrast, nitrofurantoin was as active in the descending as in the ascending infection.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Activity of Tetracyclines, Nalidixic Acids, and Nitrofurantoin in Two Experimental Models of Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Disease in Rats

English

1971

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Several methods are available for producing experimental Escherichia coli urinary tract disease in rats. For example, acute descending pyelonephritis can be induced by the intravenous injection of the microorganism after temporary ureter occlusion. I n another model, acute ascending pyelonephritis can be produced by the injection of the organism directly into the bladder followed by induced reflux. Although there are similarities in pathology between these infection models, differences are apparent regarding the invasive route during the initial stages of infection and subsequent lesion distribution within renal tissue (1, 2). I t is common to utilize only a single infection model in the evaluation of agents useful in urinary tract disease. As therapeutic efficacy can be influenced by pharmacodynamic qualities, differences in drug performance might occur dependent upon the model system utilized. This possibility was investigated by comparative studies of 4 established compounds, having quite different pharmacodynamic properties, in E. coli urinary tract disease produced by two different methods in the rat.Materials and Met hods. Oxy te t rac y cline (OTC) and a-6-deoxyoxytetracycline (DO0 TC) were used as the hydrochloride salt.Nitrof uran toin, 1 -( 5-nitrofuryf urylidene amino) hydantoin, was used as the neutral compound, and nalidixic acid as the acid. A11 compounds were suspended in a diluent consisting of carbosymethylcellulose, water, and Tween 80 for oral administration a t 100 or 50 mg/kg once daily to rats.E . coli 028 was used in all experiments.Virulence was maintained by routine reisolation from the infected, nontreated group of rats.Female albino rats of Sprague Dawley descent (Blue Spruce Farms, Inc., Altamont, N.Y.), weighing 200 g were used. The procedure for inducing descending pyelonephritis in the rat was based upon the studies of Guze and Beeson (3). Briefly, E . coli 028 was injected into the tail vein after the temporary occlusion of the left ureter for 20 min. The inoculurn, which had been diluted 1: 100, consisted of 0.5 ml of an 18-hr culture in brain heart infusion broth. Such an inoculum contained 51 t 0.3 >< lo6 viable cells.This number of cells as inoculum produced kidney counts in the range of lo6 to lo7 cells/g of kidney tissue under the experimental conditions utilized.Ascending pyelonephritis was induced by administering E. coli 028 directly into the urinary bladder. Catheterization was readily accomplished with the use of a No. 4 Coude ureteral catheter (C. M. Bard Co., Summit, N.J.) described by Cohen and Oliver (4). The inoculum for the catheterization experiments was 1.0 ml of an 18-hr brain heart infusion culture consisting of 36 t 5 X lo7 cells. After administration of the inoculum, the uretheral orifice was held closed and reflux was produced by gentle pressure on the rat's bladder. Drug administration started on the day after infection; treatment was once a day for 5 days. The rats were sacrificed 4 hr after the last treatment.At the termination of the experiment, both kid...

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Activity of Tetracyclines, Nalidixic Acids, and Nitrofurantoin in Two Experimental Models of Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Disease in Rats

English

1971

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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“…The bacteriological results in the bladder correlated closely with the acute inflammatory changes. Marked ulceration of the bladder after pseudomonas infection has been (Hematoxylin and eosin stain; xl,OOO, approximately) described in rats with prior injury of the bladder wall (14). Other studies of the histological changes in the bladder have not noted ulceration with pseudomonas (13) or Escherichia coli (3,15).…”

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confidence: 96%

Pseudomonas urinary tract infection in mice

Montgomerie¹,

Tuddenham²,

Howard³

et al. 1980

Infect Immun

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When Pseudomonas aeruginosa was injected through a catheter into the bladder, hemorrhage, edema, and vessel engorgement were seen 1 h after challenge. At 3 hours we observed microulceration of the bladder, which rapidly healed and was rarely present after 24 h. Pseudomonas was cultured from 50% of the kidneys at 1 week, and the number of kidneys infected decreased over 4 weeks.Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections have been a frequent problem in nosocomial infections. Bacteremia may occur with lower urinary tract manipulation, and ascending urinary tract infection may result in pyelonephritis and renal damage.Experimental studies of the urinary tract have dealt mainly with the kidney infections associated with pseudomonas infection (4, 6, 7, 13). There have been few clinical or experimental studies of pseudomonas infection in the lower urinary tract. We have injected pseudomonas into the bladder through a urethral catheter, and we have observed the natural history of the bladder and renal infection using this technique. P. aeruginosa strain T2 (obtained from M. Fisher) was used. Swiss Webster female mice, weighing approximately 20 g, were anesthetized with ether, and 0.025 ml of pseudomonas, a washed overnight culture (adjusted to 2 x 108/ ml) was injected into the bladder through a urethral catheter (polyethylene tubing with an outside diameter of 0.061 cm, Clay Adams, New Jersey). Residual urine in the bladder was aspirated before the infection. Control mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline.Mice were killed at intervals after the infection. At the time of sacrifice, the bacterial content of the kidney and the bladder was determined quantitatively. Any urine in the bladder was aspirated with a needle and syringe. The kidneys and bladder were removed aseptically and homogenized in broth. Serial dilutions were made in broth, and samples were plated in molten brain heart infusion (BHI) agar. Midcoronal sections of kidneys were placed in glutaralde-hyde fixative for histology. The bladder was also sectioned for histology. At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained from the heart and inoculated into BHI broth. Table 1 shows the results of a study in which 5 x 106 pseudomonas cells were injected through a urethral catheter and the animals were killed at intervals up to 4 weeks after the injection. The maximum number of bacteria was seen in the bladder at 24 h and in the kidneys at 3 days. No mice died. The histological changes in the bladder are shown graphically in Fig. 1. The most marked changes in the bladder were seen at 4 h, the earliest time the bladder was examined in this experiment. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration and edema of the submucosa was prominent, and focal ulceration of the mucosa and hemorrhage were seen in almost all the bladders (Fig. 2). In some ulcers, bacteria could be seen on the surface of the ulcer. Over 3 days, hemorrhage, ulceration, and edema rapidly decreased. The PMN infiltration of the bladder was maximal at 4 h and continued up to 1 week in some ...

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