Die Ganzkörperplethysmographie

Nölte, D.; Reif, Emil; Wt, Ulmer

doi:10.1159/000192550

Cited by 35 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The abso lute values of airway resistance correspond exactly. In normal subjects airway resistance has been found to be between 0.6 and 2.4, clearly pa thological values beginning with 3.0, 3.5 or even 5.0 cm H20/l/sec accord ing to different authors [2,5,6,8,17,28,33]. This is exactly congruent with the mean 1.5 (0.6-2.8) cm H20/l/sec/Iung in our series.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Spirometry, particularly analysis of forced expiration and pressure-volume loops on the basis of esophageal pressure measurements have increased our knowledge [5,7,20,26,30,32,35]. Alveolar pressure and hence airway resistance have been made measurable directly by body plethysmography [2,6,8,28,31,33]. The newly developed catheter techniques for intrabronchial pressure measure ments have given further information on types and localization of bron chial stenosis [17,20,22], The same techniques can be applied to isolated lungs [10,11,14,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Resistances in Artificially Ventilated Human Autopsy Lungs

Hartung¹,

Kissler²

1970

Respiration

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In artificially ventilated normal and diseased human lungs the distribution of resistances along the airways, between different parts of the lungs, and within emphysematous lesions has been measured and the percentages of elastic and non-elastic tissue and airway resistances calculated. Besides volume, flow, and pleural pressure within the respirator box up to three alveolar catheters, intrabronchial side and end pressure and tracheal catheters have been used to differentiate transpulmonary pressure into its components. Standard ventilation conditions for quiet breathing have been defined as FRC = 50 % TC (TC = V at p = 15 cm H₂O), breathing volume of about 10 % TC, and breathing frequency = 13-15/min which approximately equals in- and expiratory peak flow rates of about 0.2-0.3 1/sec/lung.Airway resistance was 1.57 (0.6-2.8) in normal and 18.43 (3.0-48.0) cm H₂O/l/sec/ lung in emphysematous lungs. Total resistance (Ppi-Pn·) could be differentiated into elastic resistance 72 %, airway resistance 16 %, and tissue resistance 12 %. In disease, particularly in bronchitis and emphysema, there was a marked change of these percentages with elastic resistance considerably lowered to a mean of 33 % and airway resistance increased to 38 %, in severe cases even up to 76 %. Tissue resistance was relatively high with mean values of about 40 % of non-elastic resistances.In normal lungs the directly measured alveolar pressures correspond at various sites, while in disease differences of regional alveolar pressures indicate inhomogeneity of resistances and ventilation. In emphysema three types of ‘closed’, ‘open’, and ‘half-open’ bullous lesions have been established. In half-open lesions the pressure levels lie between pleural and alveolar pressure of the surrounding lung tissue and thus may play a part in the formation of bullae. Moreover in emphysema the increase of airway resistance is caused mostly by the peripheral airways, but in some cases narrowing of the larger airways seems to play a part even in quiet or slightly reinforced breathing. In preparations of both lungs the resistance of the lower trachea limits flow, with the effect that the correction factor for airway resistance and dynamic compliance between one and both lungs is only 1.6 instead of 2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Resistances in Artificially Ventilated Human Autopsy Lungs

Hartung¹,

Kissler²

1970

Respiration

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“…After the problem of maintaining BTPS conditions in the breathing air was solved, many investigators turned to measuring Raw during quiet breathing instead of panting. It was then proposed to measure Raw over the total range of alveolar pressure ("total Raw3', 26) or over the points of maximum inspiratory and expiratory air flow (23,20). For the latter way of interpretation, Haluszka (13) suggested the term "terminal Raw" (Raw t) because the terminal points of the curve are used.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway Resistance, Airway Conductance, Specific Airway Resistance, and Specific Airway Conductance in Children

Leben¹,

Hardt²

1983

Pediatr Res

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SummaryIn 82 healthy children and in asthmatic children before and during positive allergen provocation test, airway resistance (Raw), airway conductance (G,), specific airway resistance (SR,), and specific airway conductance (SG,) were measured by body plethysmography during quiet breathing. Raw over total flow range (Raw t) and Raw at a flow rate of 0.5 liter/sec (Raw 0.5) are compared: Raw 0.5 is 10.3% smaller and shows a smaller coefficient of variation in healthy children. This is interpreted as a less important influence of variations of glottis opening. SRaw mean value is 7.08 hPa. sec; SGaw mean value is 0.141 hPa-' sec-'. In asthmatic children, Raw 0.5 proves to be a more sensitive parameter for the evaluation of inhalation provocation tests than Raw t. The most sensitive indices of obstruction in the central and more peripheral bronchi are SRaw 0. 5 and SG,, 0.5. Abbreviations BTPS, body temperature and ambient pressure saturated with water vapor FRCb,,, functional residual capacity measured by body plethysmography Gaw, airway conductance hPa, hecto Pascal APM, pressure at the mouth Raw, airway resistance R, ,, terminal airway resistance SG,,, specific airway resistance SRaw t, specific airway resistance over total flow range $a, AVB/APM V, airflow AVb, volume displacement AVM, tidal volume The development of body plethysmography has furnished a noninvasive method of assessing Raw. Raw is defied as the ratio of alveolar pressure to air flow. Usually, the pressure or volume changes of the plethysmograph corresponding to alveolar pressure are plotted versus air flow. Raw is then calculated from the slope of the resulting S-shaped curve. DuBois and co-workers (8) measured Raw at a certain flow rate on the linear part of the curve during panting. After the problem of maintaining BTPS conditions in the breathing air was solved, many investigators turned to measuring Raw during quiet breathing instead of panting. It was then proposed to measure Raw over the total range of alveolar pressure ("total Raw3', 26) or over the points of maximum inspiratory and expiratory air flow (23,20). For the latter way of interpretation, Haluszka (13) suggested the term "terminal Raw" (Raw t) because the terminal points of the curve are used. At present, there seem to be mainly two groups of investigators: those who measure Raw at fmed flow rates during panting and those who measure Raw at maximum flow during quiet breathing.It is the aim of the present study to compare the f~e d flow and the "terminal" Raw interpretation applied to the same measurements during quiet breathing in healthy and in asthmatic children. MATERIALS AND METHODSMeasurements of FRCb,, and of Raw were performed in an air conditioned pressure-corrected volume displacement whole-body plethysmograph (29). The technical details have been described previously (15). The electronic signals for volume displacement (integrated and pressure-cofrected flow signal) of the body plethysmograph (AVt,), APM, V, and its integral, AVM, were stored simultaneously on a magn...

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“…Die peribronchiolär lokalisierten Granulome können zwar zu einer Lungen einengung der Bronchiolen führen [15,23]. Wie Nolte et al [13] zeigten, müsste der Durchmesser aller Bronchien um 70%, oder der Durchmesser von 78% aller Bronchien um 80% eingeengt sein, um den Atemwegwider stand auf 8,0 cm H2O/I • sec-1 zu erhöhen. Es ist kaum zu erwarten, dass diese Bedingungen durch peribronchioläre Proliferationen erreicht werden.…”

Section: A Temwegwiderstandunclassified

Atemmechanik und Kortikosteroidtherapie bei der Lungensarkoidose

Doll¹,

Wagner²,

Kröpelin³

1973

Respiration

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In 41 patients with a lung sarcoidosis the effect of corticosteroids on mechanics of breathing was examined. As a rule the compliance is already normal prior to the therapy in patients with granulomatosis, it is not affected by the therapy. Fibroses cause an irreversible compliance reduction. In very few cases the resistance is affected by proliferations, whereas in case of extensive fibroses clear increases can be measured. In these cases a corticoid therapy can reduce the resistance if it was increased by a secondary bronchitis

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Die Ganzkörperplethysmographie

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Distribution of Resistances in Artificially Ventilated Human Autopsy Lungs

Distribution of Resistances in Artificially Ventilated Human Autopsy Lungs

Airway Resistance, Airway Conductance, Specific Airway Resistance, and Specific Airway Conductance in Children

Atemmechanik und Kortikosteroidtherapie bei der Lungensarkoidose

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