Die harten Ultrastrahlschauer

Schmeiser, Kurt; Bothe, W.

doi:10.1002/andp.19384240119

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They explored the production of large atmospheric showers («grandes gerbes cosmiques»), whose branches could be separated by a distance of several meters , and whose origin they thought should be «very high in the atmosphere» [61, p. 1721]. In comparing such showers to those «at small angles» described by Schmeiser and Bothe [62], they remarked how their existence confirmed that many particles are formed at sea level in secondary multiple processes generated in the atmosphere [61, p. 1723]. Auger and collaborators, found that such showers could cover a surface of the order of 1000 m 2 , implying the presence of several dozens of thousands of particles and involving energies bigger than 10 13 eV, probably «beyond 10 14 » [63, p. 229].…”

Section: Pp 588-589]mentioning

confidence: 99%

From cosmic ray physics to cosmic ray astronomy: Bruno Rossi and the opening of new windows on the universe

Bonolis

2014

Astroparticle Physics

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Bruno Rossi is considered one of the fathers of modern physics, being also a pioneer in virtually every aspect of what is today called high-energy astrophysics. At the beginning of 1930s he was the pioneer of cosmic ray research in Italy, and, as one of the leading actors in the study of the nature and behavior of the cosmic radiation, he witnessed the birth of particle physics and was one of the main investigators in this fields for many years. While cosmic ray physics moved more and more towards astrophysics, Rossi continued to be one of the inspirers of this line of research. When outer space became a reality, he did not hesitate to leap into this new scientific dimension. Rossi's intuition on the importance of exploiting new technological windows to look at the universe with new eyes, is a fundamental key to understand the profound unity which guided his scientific research path up to its culminating moments at the beginning of 1960s, when his group at MIT performed the first in situ measurements of the density, speed and direction of the solar wind at the boundary of Earth's magnetosphere, and when he promoted the search for extra-solar sources of X rays. A visionary idea which eventually led to the breakthrough experiment which discovered Scorpius X-1 in 1962, and inaugurated X-ray astronomy.

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Section: Pp 588-589]mentioning

confidence: 99%

From cosmic ray physics to cosmic ray astronomy: Bruno Rossi and the opening of new windows on the universe

Bonolis

2014

Astroparticle Physics

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“…A year later they showed that the particles in these showers could have separations of the order of 40am. (Schmeiser and Bothe, 1938). Auger and.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The muon component of extensive air showers

Allan¹,

Blake²,

Neat³

et al. 1968

Can. J. Phys.

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TIL3 direct investigation of very high energy cosmic rays (D> 10 15 eV) by measurements at the top of the atmosphere is impracticable due to the low incident flux.Extensive air showers provide a practical but indirect method of detecting this radiation by measurements lower down in the atmosphere.Studies cf the muon component of shovers in which the primary particle has undergone many interactions can reveal features of the primary particle composition.

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“…The origin of high energy cosmic rays has been a mystery since the discovery of extensive air showers in the late 1930s [1][2][3][4][5]. In 1962, John Linsley recorded a cosmic ray event with an energy of 10 20 eV [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory

Escobar

1998

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above 10 17 eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km 2 overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km 2 , 61-detector infilled array with 750 m spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km 2 sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Observatory.

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Die harten Ultrastrahlschauer

Abstract: D i e hartem ULtrastrahZschauer I) Porn K . S c h r n e i s e r urzd W. B o t h e (Mit 12 Abbildungen) Eigenschaften , Entstehung und Wirkung der hsrten Schauer werden eingehender nach der Iioinzidenzmetllode untersucht.

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

From cosmic ray physics to cosmic ray astronomy: Bruno Rossi and the opening of new windows on the universe

From cosmic ray physics to cosmic ray astronomy: Bruno Rossi and the opening of new windows on the universe

The muon component of extensive air showers

The Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory

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