Die moderne Marginaltheorie und das ökonomische Prinzip

Intestinal Anastomoses Prior to 1882; a Legacy of Ingenuity, Persistence, and Research Form a Foundation for Modern Gastrointestinal Surgery

“…Even during the first half of the nineteenth century several renowned surgeons still felt that ''nature's resources'' were more suitable to provide healing in patients with bowel injuries than any surgical intervention. Lorenz Heister (1683-1758) remarks gloomily in his book ÔChirurgie' (1719) that it does not matter which technique is used to repair bowel injuries since the majority of the patients are not salvageable [15]. Antonio Scarpa (1752-1832) noted in 1819 ''[ ...] there are numerous instances where patients had recovered from bowel lacerations without surgical intervention while there are only two or three patients that had been operated entirely successfully according to Philipp Ramdohr's (1694-1755) invagination technique'' [4,15] (Fig.…”

“…This operation was most likely the first elective circular intestinal suture ever performed. The patient survived and died one year later from pleuritis [2,15] survived for more than one year [1,2].Data regarding the outcome (e.g., cure or death) of the mentioned procedures, are summarized for two periods, from 1727 to 1874 (including a transition phase in surgery after Lord Joseph Lister's antisepsis) and from 1875 to 1882 (until the spread of Czerny's suture) [1,2] as shown in Figure 4 and in Tables 1 and 2.…”

“…Kocher (1878), Anton Woelfler (1850-1917) in 1879, and Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) in 1881[2,4,15,16]. The overall mortality with this technique in the collected reports was 68% (19/33).…”