Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index from 20 to 35° and Density at 25° for the System Tetrahydrofuran—Water<sup>1</sup>

Critchfield, F. E.; Gibson, John A.E.; Hall, James L.

doi:10.1021/ja01119a509

Cited by 115 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…The volume change of mixing is zero for an ideal solution. The density measurements of THF-water solutions at 25 "C by Critchfield et al (18) give zero for this volume change, with n near 17, to within the experimental accuracy of 0.02%. We ascribe the whole of the measured volume change to the melting of x rnol of hydrate and put for the melting of 1 rnol -5.496 [7] A V(h -+ 1) = -X [4] As (in.)…”

Section: Volume Change Of Hydrate Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Composition of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate and the Effect of Pressure on the Decomposition

Gough¹,

Davidson²

1971

Can. J. Chem.

152

103

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The decomposition temperature of the structure I1 clathrate hydrate of tetrahydrofuran has been followed to pressures above 3 kbars, where the hydrate is found to decompose incongruently in the regions of stability of ices I11 and 11, with no evidence of formation of a denser hydrate. From measurements of liquid solution densities and of volume changes at hydrate decomposition the density of the hydrate was obtained. Comparison with the X-ray lattice dimension indicates that at least 98% of the large cages are occupied, the principal uncertainty being in the lattice parameter. A similar treatment is made of Tammann and Krige's data (23) for chloroform hydrate. Analysis of the results of 18 composition determinations of structure I1 hydrates shows no statistical evidence of departure from the ideal composition of 17 mol of water per mol of hydrate former.La temperature de dCcomposition du clathrate hydrate de structure I1 du tktrahydrofuranne a Ct C suivie jusqu'a des pressions superieures a 3 kbar; il a kt6 trouve que dans ces regions de stabilitk des glaces I11 et I1 l'hydrate se decompose d'une f a~o n aberrante sans preuve de formation d'un hydrate plus dense. A partir des mesures de densite des solutions liquides et des changements de volume a la dCcomposition de I'hydrate, il a Ct C possible d'obtenir la densite de l'hydrate. La comparaison avec la dimension du reseau obtenu par rayons X indique qu'au moins 98% des grandes cages sont occupees, ]'incertitude principale &ant dans le parametre retuculaire. A partir des donnCes de Tamman et Krige une analyse similaire est effectuee pour le chloroforme hydrate. Les analyses des resultats se rapportant a 18 determinations de composition d'hydrates ayant la structure I1 ne montrent aucune preuve statistique d'ecart par rapport la composition idkale de 17 mol d'eau par mole de gCnCrateur d'hydrate. Canadian Journal o f Chemistry, 49, 2691 (1971)Among the diverse molecules now known to therefore most easily distinguished from ice and form "gas hydrates" of von Stackelberg's has been chosen for further study. structures I and I1 (1) are a number of ethers and Tetrahydrofuran hydrate was first reported ketones which are distinguished from the classical by Palmer (10) who found from melting point us. gas-hydrate formers by their solubility in water concentration curves a composition of between and by the possibility of hydrogen bonding with 13 and 16 molecules of water per molecule of the host water molecules bf the clathrate struc-tetrahydrofuran (THF), with a probable formula tures. Ethylene oxide (2, 3) and trimethylene of THF.14H20. Erva (1 1) obtained a congruent oxide (4) form hydrates of type I. Structure I1 melting point of 4.38 "C at an approximate comhydrates are formed by dimethyl ether (I), by position of THF.16H20. Several nugatory irtrimethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, 2,5-dihydrofuran, propylene oxide, and 1,3-dioxolane (4, 5) and by acetone (6, 7) and cyclobutanone (5,8). With the exception of the study by Glew and Rath (9) of the variable composition o...

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Section: Volume Change Of Hydrate Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Composition of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate and the Effect of Pressure on the Decomposition

Gough¹,

Davidson²

1971

Can. J. Chem.

152

103

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“…GNPs absorb light and emit an acoustic wave that can be detected by a ultrasonic detector, thus enabling the visualization of biological tissues, that is, the so-called photoacoustic (PA) imaging. [15] PA imaging is an emerging biomedical modality with deep imaging depth and high spatial resolution. [16] The chain vesicles and non-chain vesicles were demonstrated for PA imaging in vivo .…”

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confidence: 99%

Folding Up of Gold Nanoparticle Strings into Plasmonic Vesicles for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging

et al. 2015

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We report a stepwise self-assembly of hollow plasmonic vesicles containing strings of gold nanoparticles (NPs) in vesicular membranes. The formation of chain vesicles can be controlled by tuning the density of polymer ligands on the surface of gold NPs. The strong absorption of chain vesicles in the near-infrared (NIR) range led to a much higher efficiency in photoacoustic (PA) imaging than non-chain vesicles. The chain vesicles were further demonstrated for the encapsulation of drugs and NIR light-triggered release of payloads. This work not only offers a new platform for controlling the hierarchical self-assembly of NPs, but also demonstrates that the control over the spatial arrangement of NPs within the assemblies enables us to tailor the physical properties of the materials for better performance in biomedical applications.

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“…22 It has been reported that the addition of AC, ACN, DIX and THF to water alter the permittivity to values lower than that of pure water. [48][49][50] Specifically, the formation of β-PMo12 would be related to the permittivity of the solvent, although it was irrelevant to the yield of β-PMo12 as well as the rate of the isomerization reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Organic Solvents and Salts on the Isomerization Reaction (β→α) of Keggin-type 12-Molybdophosphate Anion

Ueda

Isai

2013

ANAL. SCI.

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Experimental Reagents and chemicalsAll of the chemicals were of analytical grade, and were used without further purification. Mo(VI) and P(V) stock solutions were prepared from Na2MoO4·2H2O and NaH2PO4·2H2O, The isomerization reaction of the β-form of 12-molybdophosphate ([PMo12O40] 3-: PMo12) into the α-form in aqueous-organic mixed media containing various salts was extensively investigated with cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the concentration and type of organic solvent and salt strongly affected the rate of the isomerization reaction. When organic solvents with lower permittivity than water were used as auxiliary solvents, and high concentrations of salts were added to the reaction mixture, the β-form of PMo12 (β-PMo12) became more stable, leading to slow isomerization into the α-form (α-PMo12). Based on the results of this study, it is proposed that the isomerization reaction of β-PMo12 into α-PMo12 is caused by the attack of a proton on a corner-shared oxygen atom. Also, the variation of its reaction rate upon the addition of organic solvents and salts is due to interactions between both the protons and the solvents or anions, and between the cations and the PMo12 anion.

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Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index from 20 to 35° and Density at 25° for the System Tetrahydrofuran—Water¹

Cited by 115 publications

References 3 publications

Composition of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate and the Effect of Pressure on the Decomposition

Composition of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate and the Effect of Pressure on the Decomposition

Folding Up of Gold Nanoparticle Strings into Plasmonic Vesicles for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging

Effects of Organic Solvents and Salts on the Isomerization Reaction (β→α) of Keggin-type 12-Molybdophosphate Anion

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Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index from 20 to 35° and Density at 25° for the System Tetrahydrofuran—Water1

Cited by 115 publications

References 3 publications

Composition of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate and the Effect of Pressure on the Decomposition

Composition of Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate and the Effect of Pressure on the Decomposition

Folding Up of Gold Nanoparticle Strings into Plasmonic Vesicles for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging

Effects of Organic Solvents and Salts on the Isomerization Reaction (β→α) of Keggin-type 12-Molybdophosphate Anion

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Product

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Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index from 20 to 35° and Density at 25° for the System Tetrahydrofuran—Water¹