Dielectric Relaxation on the Intermediate Layer in a Bipolar Membrane under the Water Splitting Phenomenon

An electrical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) study on transport characteristics of ion-exchange membrane systems

“…Previous researchers have used this type of the equivalent circuit to describe a simple membrane system [16,[19][20][21]29]. The series resistance and the parallel combination generally correspond to the impedances arising from the solution and the membrane, respectively.…”

“…Previous researchers have proven that electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a noninvasive technique for characterizing (i) the electrical properties of materials, electrochemical phenomena, and structural observations of bipolar membranes [15][16][17][18][19], (ii) composite membranes [20], and (iii) synthetic ion-exchange membranes [21][22][23]. Especially, the impedance studies of the bipolar membranes have provided good electrochemical information on the bipolar junction structure and the intermediate region between the two ion-exchange membranes as well as related electrochemical phenomena (i.e., the superimposed electric fields).…”

Low-frequency impedance of an ion-exchange membrane system

“…In this case two neighbouring monopolar membranes constituting the bipolar membrane and a thin intermediate charge layer between them are considered. The method allows determination of kinetic constants of water dissociation reaction and the structure of bipolar junction [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. A model based on the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations was developed [12] and later on checked experimentally [13,14].…”

Effect of ion-exchange nanofiber fabrics on water splitting in bipolar membrane

“…A cation-exchange membrane (Aciplex K501) and an anionexchange membrane (Aciplex A501), which were supplied from Asahi Kasei Corporation [4], were used as the cationand anion-exchange layers (CEL and AEL, Fig. 1a), respectively.…”

“…BPM-based electrodialysis is an efficient process for generating acids and bases without by-products and is applicable to the recovery of acid and base from wastewater or the production of organic and inorganic acids [1][2][3][4][5]. The watersplitting phenomenon occurs at the interface between the CEL and AEL.…”