Dielectric Spectroscopy in Biodiesel Production and Characterization

Romano, Silvia Daniela; Sorichetti, P.A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-519-4

Cited by 73 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, increasing conductivity values due to temperature make the value of dielectric loss increase respectively. This result agrees with other measurement [22].…”

Section: B Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Monitoring of Biodiesel Transesterification Process Using Impedance Measurement

Rachmanto¹,

Allanson²,

Matthews³

et al. 2014

IJMMM

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Abstract-Transesterification is commonly used to produce biodiesel from methylester. In order to control the conversion process it is often useful to employ process monitoring and in particular monitor the mass transfer processes that limit the initial reaction rates. Such monitoring of the initial phase of reaction may provide opportunity for process optimization. Previous work has identified many methods to monitor reaction progress. This paper proposes the use of a simple method which is able to provide information regarding the progress of mass transfer and chemical reaction during biodiesel production. The process uses impedance measurement. The experimentally determined impedance results clearly show the two important phases of the transesterification reaction, a mass transfer control phase followed by a kinetically controlled phase.

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“…Furthermore, increasing conductivity values due to temperature make the value of dielectric loss increase respectively. This result agrees with other measurement [22].…”

Section: B Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Monitoring of Biodiesel Transesterification Process Using Impedance Measurement

Rachmanto¹,

Allanson²,

Matthews³

et al. 2014

IJMMM

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“…A well-known FFA process is acid esterification. Methanol is mostly used because it cost less than the other alcohols used to produce biodiesel [4]. Alcohol is needed to transform the triglycerides into esters.…”

Section: B) Esterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel can only be used in diesel engines (compression-ignition engines) [4]. Biodiesel was first discovered by Rudolf Diesel where he made diesel from peanut oil at the 1900 World Fair in Paris.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Suitability of GC-MS Simulated Distillation as Means to Determine the Boiling Range of Biodiesel

2017

Nov. 27-28, 2017 South Africa ASETWM-17, RCABES-17 &Amp; EBHSSS-17

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Abstract-The suitability of GC-MS simulated distillation as means to determine the boiling range of biodiesel is determined in this study. The study is divided into two sections. Various vegetable oils and animal fats where an acid-and/or alkali-catalyst can be used and diluted with an alcohol to produce biodiesel. The produced biodiesel must meet the SANS 1935:2011 standards where it can be used for diesel engine automobiles [1]. The first section is known as the experimental procedure for the production of biodiesel from various feedstock's and the second section includes the distillation experiment of the biodiesel. The distillation procedure followed the same procedure as specified by the ASTM D86 test method. The test method indicates that the distillation unit must operate at atmospheric pressure but the distillation experiments were conducted at ambient pressure of 86.02 kPa for Potchefstroom. The actual distillation curve and the simulated distillation curve for each biodiesel were compared in order to see if the simulated distillation results predict the same boiling points as the actual distillation. This study has shown that the simulated results obtained from the GC-MS can be used to determine the boiling ranges for biodiesel but it can be better accomplished by using vacuum distillation.

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“…These methods include transesterification, pyrolysis, and micro-emulsification [10,11]. Compared with fossil diesel, biodiesel has better performance characteristics, such as high flash point, lubricity, cetane number, and biodegradability, while it emits less pollutants during combustion [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of Jatropha Oil with Isopropanol via Ultrasonic Irradiation

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The reduction of high acid value (AV) of inedible jatropha oil (JO) by esterification with isopropanol (IPA), which is a common alcohol solvent waste in Taiwan's high-tech industry, was studied. The decrease of AV is beneficial for the subsequent transesterification to produce JO biodiesel (i.e., biodiesel of fatty acid isopropyl ester (FAIE)). Acid catalyst (H 2 SO 4 ) and a novel mixing/emulsion technique using ultrasound irradiation (UI) were applied to promote and facilitate the esterification process. The results showed that increased IPA/oil molar ratio (M IOE ) can significantly reduce the AV, kinematic viscosity (KV), density (ρ LO ), and water content (M W ) of esterified JO, while also providing the benefit of enhancing the yield (Y F ) of biodiesel of FAIE. For example, with M IOE = 5 at esterification temperature (T E ) = 394.2 K (393.8-394.7 K), a reduction of AV of 99.25% with Y F of 67.15% can be achieved. Free fatty acid (FFA) was reduced from 18.06 wt.% to 0.14 wt.%, indicating 17.92 wt.% out of 18.06 wt.% of FFA was esterified to FAIE. As a result, among the Y F of 67.15%, 49.23% (= 67.15 wt.% deducting 17.92 wt.%) was contributed by the transesterification of triglycerides. By esterification of high FFA-containing raw JO with acid catalyst, one can not only avoid saponification, but also reduce the loading of the subsequent alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Moreover, increasing T E from 394.2 to 454.4 K further reduced AV (from 0.27 to 0.084 mg KOH/g) and M W (from 0.27 to 0.043 wt.%), but, on the other hand, it increased KV (from 14.62 to 25.2 mm 2 /s) and ρ LO (from 901.6 to 913.3 kg/m 3 ), while it decreased Y F (from 67.15 to 25.84%). In sum, IPA was successfully used as a replacement for methanol in the esterification of JO while UI provided mixing/emulsion along with heating resulting from cavitation for the system.

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Dielectric Spectroscopy in Biodiesel Production and Characterization

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Monitoring of Biodiesel Transesterification Process Using Impedance Measurement

Monitoring of Biodiesel Transesterification Process Using Impedance Measurement

The Suitability of GC-MS Simulated Distillation as Means to Determine the Boiling Range of Biodiesel

Esterification of Jatropha Oil with Isopropanol via Ultrasonic Irradiation

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