Diet and Energy Budget of the Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus gazella, at South Georgia

Doidge, D. W.; Croxall, John P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82275-9_73

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, Wilkinson et al (2000) suggested that pup abduction associated with infanticide and cannibalism in New Zealand sea lions could be a significant cause of neonatal mortality. However, in the present study and in other otariid species (Antarctic fur seals: Doidge et al, 1984; Australian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea: Higgins and Tedman, 1990; northern fur seals: Kiyota and Okamura, 2005), male harassment and abduction resulting in death of pups seemed to be the result of misdirected aggression or an accidental occurrence. Neonates would simply be too small and too slow to avoid attacks and to survive the injuries that are likely to be insignificant in older animals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…In sub-Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis), the mortality rate was higher from birth to 2 wk old (9%) and decreased to 3.2% between 2 wk and 1 mo of age (Georges and Guinet, 2000). In Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia, half of neonatal mortality had occurred by the age of 2 days and 90% by 1 mo (Doidge et al, 1984). These comparisons suggest that there is a similar trend between studies and that otariid neonates in general are more at risk in their first few weeks of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, rookeries on rocky shores with boulders and crevices provide shelter for fur seal pups from fighting males (Bradshaw et al, 2000;Kiyota and Okamura, 2005). In addition, in Antarctic fur seals, there is evidence that frequency of aggressive interactions increases when colony density becomes high (Doidge et al, 1984;Reid and Forcada, 2005). Thus, it is possible that infanticide and cannibalism reported in New Zealand sea lion on Dundas Island by Wilkinson et al (2000) could be linked to the fourfold higher number of animals in that rookery compared to Sandy Bay (Enderby Island), where no such behavior was observed during the present survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Mortality in New Zealand Sea Lions (Phocarctos Hookeri ) at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, Auckland Islands From 1998 to 2005

Castinel

Duignan

Pomroy

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:As part of a health survey of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) on Enderby Island, Auckland Islands (50u309S, 166u179E), neonatal mortality was closely monitored at the Sandy Bay colony for seven consecutive years. Throughout the breeding seasons 1998-99 to 2004-05, more than 400 postmortem examinations were performed on pups found dead at this site. The primary causes of death were categorized as trauma (35%), bacterial infections (24%), hookworm infection (13%), starvation (13%), and stillbirth (4%). For most pups, more than one diagnosis was recorded. Every year, two distinct peaks of trauma were observed: the first associated with mature bulls fighting within the harem and the second with subadult males abducting pups. In 2001-02 and 2002-03, epidemics caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae increased mortality by three times the mean in nonepidemic years (10.2%). The increased mortality was attributed directly to acute suppurative infection due to the bacterium and also to an increase in traumatic deaths of debilitated pups. Parasitic infection with the hookworm Uncinaria spp. was a common finding in all pups older than three weeks of age and debilitation by the parasite may have contributed to increased susceptibility to other pathogens such as Klebsiella sp. or Salmonella sp. This study provides valuable quantitative data on the natural causes of neonatal mortality in New Zealand sea lions that can be used in demographic models for management of threatened species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Mortality in New Zealand Sea Lions (Phocarctos Hookeri ) at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, Auckland Islands From 1998 to 2005

Castinel

Duignan

Pomroy

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…It covered an area of 440 m 2 at high tide (Lunn & Boyd 1993) and on average, 649 pups were born there annually. An elevated scaffold walkway (Doidge et al 1984) provided access to all parts of the beach while minimizing disturbance to animals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does kin selection influence fostering behaviour in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)?

Hoffman

Amos

2005

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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A recent observation that female Antarctic fur seals foster pups born to related females raises the fascinating possibility that kin selection may promote altruistic behaviour even on a crowded breeding beach, where individual interactions are frequent and complex. However, the use of genetic markers to identify small numbers of unusually highly related individuals is fraught with difficulty due to the likely presence of genotyping errors and related problems. Consequently, we examined an enlarged dataset where errors had been reduced to an absolute minimum by a combination of close scrutiny and repeat genotyping. We find no support for the idea that females preferentially suckle pups born to female relatives. Instead, the previously reported pattern can be explained by a combination of genotyping errors and de novo mutations. Our study emphasizes the need for caution when interpreting rare events that occur at a rate approaching that expected for normal genotyping errors.

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“…Pup mass gain during lactation may then vary with colony topography, and may ultimately affect longer term survival of weaned pups as they leave the island, relying on their blubber reserves whilst learning to forage. Irrespective of such energetic considerations, separation of pups from their mother has been shown to increase pup injuries and mortality in a variety of pinnipeds; southern (Mirounga leonina) and northern (M. angustirostris) elephant seals (see Baldi et al 1996), South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) (Harcourt 1992), Antarctic fur seals (A. gazella) (Doidge et al 1984) and in grey seals (Anderson et al 1979;Baker & Baker 1988;Pomeroy et al 1994). …”

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confidence: 99%

Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus

Twiss¹,

Caudron

Pomeroy

et al. 2000

Animal Behaviour

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(2000) 'Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in o spring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus.', Animal behaviour., 59 (2). pp. 327-338. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1320 Publisher's copyright statement: This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Animal Behaviour. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be re ected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A de nitive version was subsequently published in Animal Behaviour, 2000Behaviour, , 59, 2, 327 338, doi: 10.1006Behaviour, /anbe.1999Behaviour, .1320 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. ABSTRACTGrey seals breed colonially on substrates ranging from ice to rocky or sandy beaches. Clear differences in seal behaviour patterns exist among such broad classes of breeding habitat.However, finer scale topographic variation is likely to influence individual behaviour with consequences for pupping success. We examine topographic influences on breeding female grey seal behaviour by quantifying topography at a sub-seal size resolution. Using sub-metre resolution Digital Terrain Models of two sites within a rocky breeding colony we compare site topography in relation to observed differences in female behaviour at these sites. Females at both sites showed a preference for breeding close to water (standing pools or sea) and frequently commuted between their pups and water. Topographic models indicated that one site was more costly for seals in terms of their locations and movements within the site. This was due to a lack of low elevation land adjacent to the main access points from the sea and the reduced availability of pools. Females at this site showed reduced pup attendance and an increase in energetically costly behaviours, whilst females at the lower cost site spent more time interacting with their pups and resting. These topographically induced behavioural differences are likely to affect the quantity and quality of pup provisioning by mothers and influence individual pupping site selection. Less costly sites are likely to be colonised preferentially and by larger, older and more dominant females, potentially generating fine scale spatial heterogeneity in female quality within the breeding colony.Whilst it may be obvious that topography is likely to...

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Diet and Energy Budget of the Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus gazella, at South Georgia

Cited by 60 publications

References 12 publications

Neonatal Mortality in New Zealand Sea Lions (Phocarctos Hookeri ) at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, Auckland Islands From 1998 to 2005

Neonatal Mortality in New Zealand Sea Lions (Phocarctos Hookeri ) at Sandy Bay, Enderby Island, Auckland Islands From 1998 to 2005

Does kin selection influence fostering behaviour in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)?

Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus

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