Diet and exercise are equally effective in reducing risk for cardiovascular disease. Results of a randomized controlled study in men with slightly to moderately raised cardiovascular risk factors

́nius, Mai-Lis Helle; Fairé, Ulf dé; Berglund, Bo; Hamsten, Anders; Krakau, Ingvar

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(93)90042-s

Cited by 167 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Sixteen RCTs [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] were identified that had compared weight loss in groups assigned physical activity alone with that in groups assigned no intervention. A summary of the findings of these RCTs is included in Table 1.…”

Section: Physical Activity Alonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 16 RCTs, 11 found statistically significant improvements in weight loss with exercise compared with controls. 2,3,[5][6][7][9][10][11]13,16,17 The magnitude of the differences in weight outcomes between groups in these studies was small. Weight loss in the exercise group ranged from 0.1 kg to 5.2 kg, with most studies showing weight loss of only 1-3 kg.…”

Section: Physical Activity Alonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of studies that we reviewed used exercise prescriptions of ∼60-180 min per week. [2][3][4]6,[8][9][10][12][13][14][15] Importantly, only four of these exercise studies considered change in body weight or composition as a primary outcome of the study. 5,7,10,11 The other studies addressed the effect of exercise on lipids, cardiovascular disease risk factors, glucose and insulin levels, BMD or diabetes.…”

Section: Physical Activity Alonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4,6,12,28,29,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The average BMI of individuals enrolled in these studies ranged from 25 to 37 kg/m 2 , with the majority of studies reporting an average BMI of over 30 kg/m 2 . Thus, on the whole, individuals in the diet plus exercise studies were heavier than those in the exercise-alone studies.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Dietary Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, on the whole, individuals in the diet plus exercise studies were heavier than those in the exercise-alone studies. The findings of most of the studies suggest that adding physical activity to food restriction tends to produce greater weight loss than dietary restriction alone; 2,4,6,28,29,33,[35][36][37][38][40][41][42][43] however, in only two of these studies 35,43 did the difference reach statistical significance.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Dietary Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss

2007

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SummaryThe majority of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) show only modest weight loss with exercise intervention alone, and slight increases in weight loss when exercise intervention is added to dietary restriction. In most RCTs, the energy deficit produced by the prescribed exercise is far smaller than that usually produced by dietary restriction. In prospective studies that prescribed high levels of exercise, enrolled individuals achieved substantially greater weight losscomparable to that obtained after similar energy deficits were produced by caloric restriction. High levels of exercise might, however, be difficult for overweight or obese adults to achieve and sustain. RCTs examining exercise and its effect on weight-loss maintenance demonstrated mixed results; however, weight maintenance interventions were usually of limited duration and long-term adherence to exercise was problematic. Epidemiologic, cross-sectional, and prospective correlation studies suggest an essential role for physical activity in weight-loss maintenance, and post hoc analysis of prospective trials shows a clear dose-response relationship between physical activity and weight maintenance. This article reviews the role of physical activity in producing and maintaining weight loss. We focus on prospective, RCTs lasting at least 4 months; however, other prospective trials, meta-analyses and large systematic reviews are included. Limitations in the current body of literature are discussed.

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