Diet and supplement assessment in a Brazilian urban population

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess total usual nutrient intakes from foods and dietary supplements by age, sex, physical activity, and nutritional status, and to compare usual nutrient intakes to the Dietary Reference Intakes among non-users and users of dietary supplements in an urban population. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based survey with 506 adults conducted in the city of Brasília, Brazil, using 24h food recalls. The 24-HR was collected on two nonconsecutive days, for which individuals reported all food, supplements, and beverages consumed in the previous 24 hours. The estimates of mean and the distribution percentiles were adjusted to reflect usual nutrient intake using the Iowa State University method. The prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was estimated according to sex using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), and values above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) were also considered. Also, a comparison was made of the total mean usual intake between supplement users and non-users according to BMI and physical activity. RESULTS: The total mean usual dietary intake was significantly higher among users than non-users of dietary supplements (p ≤ 0.02). Dietary supplement use increased intakes of nutrients and decreased prevalence of inadequacy according to sex, with only small (typically < 13%) increases in the population exceeding the Tolerable Upper Intake Level. There was a significant interaction between physical activity and BMI categories with supplement use. CONCLUSIONS: The population that consumes food supplements comprises individuals with more advanced age, female, normal BMI, and physically active. Our findings show that the use of supplements appears beneficial to attain nutrient adequacy. Careful monitoring of intake from food and supplements is recommended, and the statistical methods must be powerful enough to achieve relevant information.

Prevalence and Determinants of Sex-Specific Dietary Supplement Use in a Greek Cohort

“…National survey data for DS use in the general population of low and middle-income countries remain limited. Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors may act as determinants of DS use, and studies have shown that users were more likely to be women [ 12 ], physically active [ 8 , 10 ], non-smokers [ 7 ], older [ 2 , 13 ], of higher income [ 14 ] and educational level [ 15 ].…”

Physically inactive adults are the main users of sports dietary supplements in the capital of Brazil

“…Multivitamin supplements alone or in association with minerals are the most frequently consumed supplement in many population groups [ 12 – 14 , 28 , 30 – 32 ]. A recent study of our research group that collected information on the dietary habits and nutritional status of the residents of Brasília using 24-h food recalls showed that 55% of DS users consumed some type of vitamin and mineral supplements, which contribute to achieving nutrient adequacy [ 33 ]. Moreover, protein supplements were the second most commonly consumed DS in the current study.…”

Improving Pregnant Women’s Iodine Intake Estimates and Its Prevalence of Inadequacy through the Use of Salt and Seasoning Covariates

“…In our analyses, we proposed different models to adjust the usual iodine intake of pregnant women ( Table 1 ). These models were based on relations identified in studies that quantified and evaluated iodine intake or iodine nutritional status of pregnant women, and also on variables of interest related to Nutritional Epidemiology [ 1 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”