Diet-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of Arctic herbivorous copepods: Experimental evidence of trophic markers

Graeve, Martín; Kattner, Gerhard; Hagen, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(94)90213-5

Cited by 278 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our summer and autumn data, this is reflected in very high concentrations of the 16:1(n-7) fatty acid, which is a typical component of diatoms (Graeve et al 1994, Falk-Petersen et al 1998, and low values for the isomer ratio 18:1(n-9)/ 18:1(n-7), which has been proposed as a relative index of carnivory (Graeve et al 1997. In winter, when ice algae are scarce, A. glacialis seems to rely at least partly on the catabolism of stored lipids as an energy source.…”

Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Total lipids (TL) and lipid classes were measured in order to assess the potential use of storage lipids as an overwintering strategy (Hagen 2000). Fatty acid (FA) and fatty alcohol compositions were analyzed as biomarkers for certain food sources (Graeve et al 1994(Graeve et al , 1997. Based on the FA composition, the ratio of the FA isomers 18:1(n-9) to 18:1(n-7) was calculated.…”

Section: Sampling and Processing Of Amphipods Arctic Underice Amphipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Werner¹,

Auel²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The Arctic under-ice amphipods Apherusa glacialis, Onisimus glacialis, O. nanseni andGammarus wilkitzkii are autochthonous below the pack ice, i.e. they occur in this habitat during all seasons. In this study, seasonal dynamics in abundance were only evident in A. glacialis. Respiration rates did not differ significantly between summer and winter in any species, indicating that the under-ice habitat is a comparatively stable environment in terms of seasonal variations. The assessment of total lipids and fatty acid biomarkers revealed differences in feeding behaviour and overwintering strategy among the amphipod species. A. glacialis is strictly herbivorous, feeding on ice-algae at the underside of the ice during the productive season. The species overwinters in an active state, fuelled at least partly by internal lipid reserves stored during summer. O. glacialis switches from a predominantly herbivorous diet in summer to metazoan prey, including planktonic copepods, in winter, so that lipid catabolism is less important to winter survival. The congener O. nanseni relies on an opportunistic omnivorous diet throughout the year, with a higher proportion of metazoan prey during summer compared to O. glacialis. G. wilkitzkii is able to exploit a wide spectrum of food sources, from predominantly ice algae in summer to more ice fauna and planktonic copepods in winter. This species partly meets its energy requirements by using internal lipid reserves during winter.

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Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Sampling and Processing Of Amphipods Arctic Underice Amphipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Werner¹,

Auel²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…For the determination of feeding preferences, fatty acid and alcohol compositions can be used (Graeve et al 1994;Dalsgaard et al 2003). The high proportions of 16:1(n-7) and 18:4(n-3) in the M. ovum wax esters suggest that Calanus species are the major prey of M. ovum as also reported by Falk-Petersen et al (2002).…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Wax esters are produced in high amounts by calanoid copepods and consist of fatty acid and alcohol moieties (Sargent and Henderson 1986;Kattner et al 1989). The long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and alcohols, 20:1(n-9) and 22:1(n-11), can be used as trophic markers because, in the Arctic, they are only synthesised de novo by the herbivorous Calanus species (Graeve et al 1994;Dalsgaard et al 2003). In the food chain, from copepods via M. ovum to B. cucumis, both ctenophores contain relatively high amounts of these fatty acids and alcohols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of dietary lipids in the Arctic ctenophore Mertensia ovum (Fabricius 1780)

et al. 2007

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Lipids of the Arctic ctenophore Mertensia ovum, collected from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) in 2001, were analysed to investigate seasonal variability and fate of dietary lipids. Total lipids, lipid classes and fatty acid and alcohol compositions were determined in animals, which were selected according to age-group and season. Changes in lipids of age-group 0 animals were followed during growth from spring to autumn. Total lipids increased from May to September. Lipids as percentage of dry mass were lowest in August indicating their use for reproduction. Higher values occurred in September, which may be due to lipid storage for overwintering. Wax esters were the major lipid class accounting for about 50% of total lipids in agegroup 0 animals from July and August. Phospholipids were the second largest lipid fraction with up to 46% in this agegroup. The principal fatty acids of M. ovum from all agegroups were 22:6(n-3), 20:5(n-3) and 16:0. Wax ester fatty alcohols were dominated by 22:1(n-11) and 20:1(n-9) followed by moderate proportions of 16:0. The unique feature of M. ovum lipids was the high amount of free fatty alcohols originating probably from the dietary wax esters. In May, free alcohols exhibited the highest mean proportion with 14.6% in age-group 0 animals. We present the Wrst data describing a detailed free fatty alcohol composition in zooplankton. This composition was very diVerent from the alcohol composition of M. ovum wax esters because of the predominance of the long-chain monounsaturated 22:1 (n-11) alcohol accounting for almost 100% of total free alcohols in some samples. The detailed lipid composition clearly reXected feeding of M. ovum on the herbivorous calanoid species, Calanus glacialis and C. Wnmarchicus, the abundant members of the zooplankton community in Kongsfjorden. Other copepod species or prey items seem to be less important for M. ovum.

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“…The importance of lipid and fatty acid compositions as trophic markers has been demonstrated in various studies (Sargent and Whittle 1981;Graeve 1993;Graeve et al 1994Graeve et al , 1997Phleger et al 1998). The advantage of applying lipid compositions to feeding studies is that trophic lipid markers integrate longer time periods than conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Combined lipid, fatty acid and digestive tract content analyses: a penetrating approach to estimate feeding modes of Antarctic amphipods

2001

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Antarctic amphipods from the Weddell Sea and Brans®eld Strait were collected to investigate the impact of various species and feeding types on lipid and fatty acid compositions. In combination with digestive tract content analyses, such information can help clarify the type of feeding mode of the various amphipod species. Micro-and macropredatory amphipod species had only small amounts of triacylglycerols as storage lipids, whereas the deposit-feeder

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Diet-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of Arctic herbivorous copepods: Experimental evidence of trophic markers

Cited by 278 publications

References 14 publications

Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

The fate of dietary lipids in the Arctic ctenophore Mertensia ovum (Fabricius 1780)

Combined lipid, fatty acid and digestive tract content analyses: a penetrating approach to estimate feeding modes of Antarctic amphipods

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