Dietary 18:3ω3 influences immune function and the tissue fatty acid response to antigens and adjuvant

Bazinet, Richard P.; Douglas, Holly; McMillan, Ewen G.; Wilkie, B.N.; Cunnane, Stephen C.

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.007

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the current study, pigs that received nursery diets with fish oil supplemented between 1.25% and 5% (ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio between 5:1 and 1:1) had reduced concentrations of the Hp serum acute-phase protein compared to those fed 0% fish oil. This is consistent with other reports in pigs (Bazinet et al, 2004), ewes (Stryker et al, 2013), and humans (Ernst et al, 1991) fed diets with reduced ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratios. During immune system stimulation, cytokines are released into circulation by inflammatory cells such as neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages, which induce the liver to produce acute-phase proteins such as Hp.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…With respect to acquired immunity, OVAspecific IgG was detected in all pigs that were immune sensitized; greater responses were observed on day 34 than on day 20, which indicated that the immunization protocol was efficacious. Similar protocols have been used effectively in pigs, sheep, and cows (Bazinet et al, 2004;Crawley et al, 2005;Stryker et al, 2013). In the current study, anti-OVA IgG during the secondary response tended to be reduced for pigs fed diets containing low-quality proteins with decreasing ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratios (linear).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of reducing the ratio of omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acids in diets of low protein quality on nursery pig growth performance and immune response

Huber

Hooda

Fisher-Heffernan

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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A total of 240 newly weaned pigs (5.25 ± 0.15 kg BW) were used to determine the dietary omega-6-to-omega-3 (ω-6:ω-3) fatty acid ratio that optimized growth performance and immune responses when fed corn and soybean meal (SBM)-based diets with low protein quality. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments (n = 6 pens per treatment; day 0 of study): [1] positive control (High; included animal proteins and 5% corn oil), [2] negative control (Low0; corn- and SBM-based and 5% corn oil), or 1 of 3 Low diets with increasing supplementation of fish oil to replace corn oil: [3] 1.25% (Low1.25), [4] 2.5% (Low2.5), [5] 5% (Low5) to achieve 5:1, 3:1, and 1:1 ω-6:ω-3 ratios, respectively. Pigs were fed dietary treatments in 2 phases for 7 and 14 d, respectively, followed by a common phase III diet for 21 d. On day 6 and 20, 12 pigs per treatment were immune sensitized with 0.5 mg ovalbumin (OVA) and 0.5 mg Quil A adjuvant in 1 mL saline. The dermal hypersensitivity response (DHR) was evaluated on day 40 in these same pigs, using intradermal injection of OVA; changes in skin-fold thickness were measured. On day 21, 4 pigs per pen were immune challenged with LPS (30 µg Escherichia coli LPS per kg BW) or saline (n = 12); rectal temperature was monitored over 3 h. During phase I only, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were greater for pigs fed the High diet vs. those fed the Low diet (P < 0.05), and increased with increasing fish oil supplementation up to 2.5% (Low2.5), but decreased for pigs fed the Low5 diet (quadratic; P < 0.05, P = 0.086, and P < 0.05 for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, respectively). On day 21, LPS increased rectal temperature (vs. saline at 1-, 2-, and 3-h post-challenge; P < 0.001); fish oil supplementation reduced rectal temperature 2-h post-challenge in the Low-fed pigs (linear; P < 0.05). On day 22, serum haptoglobin was greatest for pigs fed Low0 and decreased with increasing fish oil supplementation (linear; P < 0.05). Immunization with OVA induced a serum anti-OVA IgG response, which was reduced on day 34 among pigs fed Low diets with increasing fish oil supplementation (linear; P = 0.050). On day 40, and 6 h after intradermal injection of OVA, the DHR was least for pigs fed the Low2.5 diet (P< 0.05). Inclusion of 2.5% fish oil (3:1, ω-6:ω-3) optimized growth performance during the early nursery phase when pigs were most sensitive to diets with low protein quality; the ideal ω-6-to-ω-3 fatty acid ratio may differ when using immune responses as the major outcome.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of reducing the ratio of omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acids in diets of low protein quality on nursery pig growth performance and immune response

Huber

Hooda

Fisher-Heffernan

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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“…They can affect membrane fluidity and cholesterol content and influence the generation of signaling molecules. Several studies have reported an association between PUFAs and the development and outcomes of several complex diseases [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNPs of the FADS Gene Cluster are Associated with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in a Cohort of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Malerba

Schaeffer

Xumerle

et al. 2008

Lipids

220

150

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Polymorphisms of the human Delta-5 (FADS1) and Delta-6 (FADS2) desaturase genes have been recently described to be associated with the level of several long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in serum phospholipids. We have genotyped 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on the FADS1-FADS2-FADS3 gene cluster (chromosome 11q12-13.1) in 658 Italian adults (78% males; mean age 59.7 +/- 11.1 years) participating in the Verona Heart Project. Polymorphisms and statistically inferred haplotypes showed a strong association with arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) levels in serum phospholipids and in erythrocyte cell membranes (rs174545 adjusted P value for multiple tests, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Other significant associations were observed for linoleic (C18:2n-6), alpha-linolenic (C18:3n-3) and eicosadienoic (C20:2n-6) acids. Minor allele homozygotes and heterozygotes were associated to higher levels of linoleic, alpha-linolenic, eicosadienoic and lower levels of arachidonic acid. No significant association was observed for stearidonic (C18:4n-3), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6n-3) acids levels. The observed strong association of FADS gene polymorphisms with the levels of arachidonic acid, which is a precursor of molecules involved in inflammation and immunity processes, suggests that SNPs of the FADS1 and FADS2 gene region are worth studying in diseases related to inflammatory conditions or alterations in the concentration of PUFAs.

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“…Supporting this, n-3 LCPUFA-fed Mtb-infected guinea pigs had a higher bacterial burden when compared with their n-6 PUFA-fed counterparts (84,85). In addition to these studies, Bazinet et al (86) found that n-3 PUFA supplementation in piglets, increased the levels of antibodies in response to TB immunization (86).…”

Section: Fatty Acid Manipulation As Pharmaconutrition Therapy In Tubementioning

confidence: 90%

The Manipulation of the Lipid Mediator Metabolism as Adjunct Host-Directed Therapy in Tuberculosis

et al. 2021

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Host-directed therapies (HDTs) enhance the host response to tuberculosis (TB) infection to reduce disease severity. For instance, the manipulation of lipid mediator production diminishes the hyperactive immune response which is a known pathological feature of TB that generates lung tissue damage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are examples of such HDTs. In this mini-review, we recapitulate the literature available on the effects of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA in TB as well as the immunological pathways underpinning these effects. Many NSAIDs have a great deal of data describing their effects and safety and in many jurisdictions are inexpensive, and sold over the counter in neighborhood convenience stores and supermarkets. The potential benefits of NSAIDs in TB are well-documented in pre-clinical studies. The reduction of pro-inflammatory lipid mediator production by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways with NSAIDs has been found to improve lung histopathology, bacterial control, and survival. Additionally, n-3 LCPUFA and its novel bioactive metabolites produced by COX and lipoxygenase (LOX) have been identified as safe and effective pro-resolving and antibacterial pharmaconutrients. Nevertheless, heterogeneous results have been reported in pre-clinical TB studies. Recently, the importance of the correct timing of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA administration in TB has also been highlighted. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of the potential contribution of these therapies toward reducing inflammatory lung damage and improving bactericidal activity, especially during later stages of TB infection. It further highlights that clinical trials are required to confirm benefit and safety in TB patients.

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Dietary 18:3ω3 influences immune function and the tissue fatty acid response to antigens and adjuvant

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of reducing the ratio of omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acids in diets of low protein quality on nursery pig growth performance and immune response

Effect of reducing the ratio of omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acids in diets of low protein quality on nursery pig growth performance and immune response

SNPs of the FADS Gene Cluster are Associated with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in a Cohort of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

The Manipulation of the Lipid Mediator Metabolism as Adjunct Host-Directed Therapy in Tuberculosis

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