Dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency impairs the bone development by regulating related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium ( Ca ) or phosphorus ( P ) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates of 18 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. A 2 (Ca levels: 1.00 and 0.35%) × 2 (nonphytate P [ NPP ] levels: 0.45 and 0.23%) factorial arrangement of treatments was adopted in the 21-day trial. The 4 treatments were the Ca- and P-adequate diet (1.00% Ca + 0.45% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.35% Ca + 0.45% NPP), the P-deficient diet (1.00% Ca + 0.23% NPP), and the Ca- and P-deficient diet (0.35% Ca + 0.23% NPP). The greatest impact on tibia bone mineral density, bone breaking strength, and ash content was in the P-deficient diets, especially in broilers fed with the Ca-adequate diet, whereas adequate P and reduced Ca reduced ( P < 0.05) these parameters compared with adequate Ca and P, but not to the same level as P deficiency. Furthermore, dietary Ca or P deficiency, especially adequate Ca and P deficiency decreased ( P < 0.05) serum P, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 ( 25-OHD 3 ) contents, and tibia ash Ca and P contents but increased ( P < 0.05) the serum Ca content and tibia alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) activity compared with adequate Ca and P. The results from this study indicated that the bone development and Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive ones to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P deficiencies. Dietary P deficiency impaired the bone development by increasing serum Ca content and tibia ALP activity but decreasing serum P, 25-OHD 3 contents, and tibia ash Ca and P contents of broilers. Dietary Ca deficiency impaired bone development by increasing serum Ca content, tibia ALP activity, and tibia ash P content but decreasing serum P, 25-OHD 3 contents, and tibia ash Ca content of broilers.

A novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant completely replaced inorganic phosphate in broiler diets, maintaining growth performance and bone quality: data from two independent trials

“…Bone ash and breaking strength are important indicators of the capacity of a phytase to release phosphorus for use by the bird and, as already mentioned, P requirements during starter phase when bone deposition and mineralization is occurring are high. These measures can also provide an indication of whether Ca requirements have been met since Ca is equally critical in bone development and mineralization ( Rath et al., 2000 ; Li et al., 2020 ). Phytase efficacy in monogastric animals can be affected by the Ca to total P ratio especially in low P diets ( Qian et al., 1996 , 1997 ) due largely to the capacity of Ca to bind to phytate in the GIT, forming insoluble complexes that are resistant to digestion by phytase ( Selle et al., 2009 ).…”

“…Phosphorus ( P ) is essential for broiler growth and bone formation, as well as supporting the development of the nervous system, energy conversion, and egg production ( Li et al., 2017 , 2020 ). Availability of P in plant-based broiler diets is low because the majority (70–80%) is in the form of phytate (the salt of phytic acid, myoinositol hexaphosphate; IP 6 ) which is largely inaccessible due to a lack of endogenous enzyme activity in birds fed commercial diets containing limestone ( Selle and Ravindran, 2007 ).…”

A Comparison of Morphometric Indices, Mineralization Level of Long Bones and Selected Blood Parameters in Hens of Three Breeds

“…In our study we also determined blood Ca and P concentration as an indicator of the mineral balance associated directly with bone metabolism. Ca and P homeostasis is essential for optimal bone mineralization (Proszkowiec-Węglarz and Angel, 2013;Li et al, 2020) and for maintaining bone strength (Rath et al, 2000). Li et al (2020) report that low serum phosphorus concentration leads to osteoclast activation, which increases bone resorption.…”

“…Ca and P homeostasis is essential for optimal bone mineralization (Proszkowiec-Węglarz and Angel, 2013;Li et al, 2020) and for maintaining bone strength (Rath et al, 2000). Li et al (2020) report that low serum phosphorus concentration leads to osteoclast activation, which increases bone resorption. In turn, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline are amino acids released from meshed bone structure when collagen is degraded during bone resorption (Liu et al, 2003;Regmi et al, 2017) .…”

Changes in duodenal and nephritic Ca and P absorption in hens during different egg-laying periods

“…Ca and P are essential nutrients for humans and animals, which are involved in numerous biochemical and physiological functions, such as constituting the main component of the skeleton and teeth in the form of calcium phosphate, participating in blood coagulation, maintaining the acid–base balance, partaking neurotransmitter transmission and muscle contraction, and participating in energy and nucleic acid metabolism [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. For hens, Ca and P are paramount for productive performance and eggshell quality during the egg-laying period [ 5 ].…”