Dietary conjugated linoleic acid affects blood parameters, liver morphology and expression of selected hepatic genes in laying hens

Abstract

The objective of this research were to investigate the effect of a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched diet on Isa Brown laying hen health status and to provide a comprehensive analysis of changes in blood parameters, liver morphology and selected hepatic gene expression. Hens were allocated to the control and experimental group (diet enriched with 0.75% CLA) for a total period of 4 m. At the end of the experiment half of the hens from each group were slaughtered for analyses. The remaining hens were transferred to an organic farm for the next 5 m and fed on the diet without CLA supplementation. The CLA-enriched diet resulted in significant changes in blood and serum parameters; specifically, haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and white blood cells (WBC) count were decreased compared to the control. The total cholesterol (TC) was not significantly affected while the triacylglycerol's (TG) concentration was elevated. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly increased in the CLA-supplemented group, while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed an increasing tendency. Liver biopsies showed pathological changes classified as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Additionally, the expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acids synthesis (ME1, ACLY, ACC, FASN, SCD1), oxidation (CPT1α, PPARA), detoxification processes (Cytochrome P450, CYP, Flavin-containing monooxygenase, FMO3), oxidative stress (NOX4, XbP1) and inflammation (IL6, TNFα) were elevated. Cessation of CLA supplementation for 5 m of organic farming resulted in normalisation of blood and hepatic parameters to the levels observed in control hens. The results of this study indicate that dietary CLA triggers an integrated stress response in laying hens and activates mechanisms involved in liver detoxification.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

“…Supplemental Figure S3 shows the Q-Q plot for these interactions, indicating a good performance. The ME1 gene is located on chromosome 6 and it is a plausible candidate for gene-diet interactions, taking into account that this gene is involved in fatty acids synthesis in the liver [123,124] and its modulation by the dietary fat content has been reported [124,125]. Figure 6 shows the regional plot for the top-ranked SNPs, ME1-rs3798890 (p = 2.15 × 10 −7 ) in the genome-wide interaction analysis with Mediterranean diet.…”

Fatty Acids of CLA-Enriched Egg Yolks Can Induce Transcriptional Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

“…Available literature would support such a hypothesis as numerous studies showed an inhibitory effect, especially for cis9,trans11CLA isomer, on tumor cells [28–32]. Indeed, our analysis of FA profile of CLA-enriched egg yolk showed that cis9,trans11CLA was incorporated more efficiently (3 : 1 ratio) than trans10,cis12 isomer [21] and therefore could predominate in EFA-CLA. Interestingly, comparison of the effect of synthetic CLA isomers with CLA-EFA from egg yolk showed the advantage of the latter in reducing cancer cell viability (Figure 1).…”

“…Production of CLA-enriched egg yolks was performed in the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Krakow (Poland), as per the recommendations of the Local Animal Ethics Committee (approval number: 851/2011) as described previously [21]. Eggs were collected and stored at 4°C, and yolks were separated from albumen, homogenized, and frozen at −20°C.…”

Osteocalcin prevents insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation and autophagy associated with high-fat diet induced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens

“…As pro-inflammatory factors, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α have been used for evaluating infectious and inflammatory reaction-associated immunity in humans and various animals including chickens [52][53][54]. TNF-α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mammals' NAFLD [55] and has a close relationship with the liver steatosis, fibrosis, and apoptosis [56,57].…”