Dietary Fat and Its Relation to Heart Attacks and Strokes

Page, Irvine H.; Allen, Edgar V.; Chamberlain, Francis L.; Keys, Ancel; Stamler, Jeremiah; Stare, Fredrick J.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.23.1.133

Cited by 118 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…A partir de então começou a ser recomendada uma redução da ingestão de gordura total, saturada e colesterol, aumentando-se a ingestão de PUFAs (Page et al, 1961).…”

Section: Evolução Das Recomendações Lipídicas Evolução Das Recomendaçunclassified

<a name="top"></a>Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão

et al. 2000

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Nas últimas décadas a prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares tem aumentado progressivamente Termos de indexação: ácidos graxos saturados, ácidos graxos monoinsaturados, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, doenças cardiovasculares. A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T A B S T R A C T During the last decades the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has increased progressively, becoming a serious public health problem. Some studies have shown a positive association between saturated fatty acid intake and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and a negative association with unsaturated fatty acids intake. These studies indicate a need to evaluate the different kinds of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) and their effects, aiming at a better utilization and maintaining a suitable proportion in the diet in order to diminish the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this paper is to accomplish a review of the medical literature regarding fatty acids and their effects on cardiovascular diseases, as well as the evolution of their requirements through time, consumption trends and future perspectives.

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“…A partir de então começou a ser recomendada uma redução da ingestão de gordura total, saturada e colesterol, aumentando-se a ingestão de PUFAs (Page et al, 1961).…”

Section: Evolução Das Recomendações Lipídicas Evolução Das Recomendaçunclassified

<a name="top"></a>Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão

et al. 2000

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“…[7][8][9][10][11] Extensive evidence demonstrating these dietary influences has been from the early 1960s on the scientific foundation for repeated recommendations by expert groups that the general population improve eating patterns to lower serum cholesterol. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] More recently, data on adverse effects of dietary trans fatty acids on serum cholesterol led to expansion of recommendations to encompass avoidance of foods with these components. 11,13,18,19 Broad sectors of the population of 'Western' countries have acted on these advisories by modifying their eating patterns accordingly, with resultant sizable declines in adult average serum cholesterol levels.…”

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confidence: 99%

INTERMAP: background, aims, design, methods, and descriptive statistics (nondietary)

et al. 2003

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Blood pressure (BP) above optimal (p120/p80 mmHg) is established as a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Prevalence of adverse BP is high in most adult populations; until recently research has been sparse on reasons for this. Since the 1980s, epidemiologic studies confirmed that salt, alcohol intake, and body mass relate directly to BP; dietary potassium, inversely. Several other nutrients also probably influence BP. The DASH feeding trials demonstrated that with the multiple modifications in the DASH combination diet, SBP/DBP (SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure) was sizably reduced, independent of calorie balance, alcohol intake, and BP reduction with decreased dietary salt. A key challenge for research is to elucidate specific nutrients accounting for this effect. The general aim of the study was to clarify influences of multiple nutrients on SBP/DBP of individuals over and above effects of Na, K, alcohol, and body mass. Specific aims were, in a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of 4680 men and women aged 40-59 years from 17 diverse population samples in China, Japan, UK, and USA, test 10 prior hypotheses on relations of macronutrients to SBP/DBP and on role of dietary factors in inverse associations of education with BP; test four related subgroup hypotheses; explore associations with SBP/DBP of multiple other nutrients, urinary metabolites, and foods. For these purposes, for all 4680 participants, with standardized high-quality methods, assess individual intake of 76 nutrients from four 24-h dietary recalls/person; measure in two timed 24-h urine collections/person 24-h excretion of Na, K, Ca, Mg, creatinine, amino acids; microalbuminuria; multiple nutrients and metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Based on eight SBP/DBP measurements/person, and data on multiple possible confounders, utilize mainly multiple linear regression and quantile analyses to test prior hypotheses and explore relations of multiple dietary and urinary variables to SBP/DBP of individuals. The 4680 INTERMAP participants are equally divided across four age/gender strata: diverse in ethnicity, education, occupation, physical activity; use of cigarettes, alcohol; diagnosed high BP, CVD, diabetes; CVD family history; women vary in parity, use of contraceptive medication and hormone replacement therapy.

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“…The restriction of SFA has long been a cornerstone of the dietary treatment for secondary prevention [44][45][46][47]. This traditionally has been achieved through replacement of dietary SFAwith carbohydrate [48].…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nutrition in Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

Hill

Roussell

Kris-Etherton

2011

Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep

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Secondary prevention strategies are designed to target multiple risk factors through pharmacologic and lifestyle intervention. Therefore, diet therapy plays an important role in secondary prevention of CHD. Epidemiologic studies have identified several dietary patterns that are associated with reduced risk for CHD morbidity and mortality, such as the Mediterranean diet and a "Prudent" diet. These dietary patterns exhibit a number of similarities with current dietary recommendations for primary and secondary prevention; they are nutrient rich (from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and plant oils, reduced-fat and fat-free milk products, seafood, and lean animal and plant proteins) and low in saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium. There also is strong evidence from secondary prevention studies that long chain omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources are effective for cardiovascular disease risk reduction. In addition, there is some evidence of benefits of dietary patterns including a Mediterranean diet, a very low-fat diet, a diet high in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as a Mediterranean-style diet high in alpha-linolenic acid (all of which are low in saturated fatty acids). It is apparent that there are multiple dietary treatment strategies available to clinicians that enable individualized treatment plans and optimal therapeutic outcomes for patients with coronary disease.

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Dietary Fat and Its Relation to Heart Attacks and Strokes

Cited by 118 publications

References 0 publications

<a name="top"></a>Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão

<a name="top"></a>Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão

INTERMAP: background, aims, design, methods, and descriptive statistics (nondietary)

The Role of Nutrition in Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

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