“…Of the 53 studies retrieved for full-text review, 24 met the selection criteria ( Figure 1 and Table 1 ). UGI cancers were identified by self-reported questionnaire [ 7 , 8 , 10 ], physician-reviewed pathology records [ 7 , 8 , 10 ], linkage to cancer registry system [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 ], or pathological confirmation [ 9 , 12 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. All included cohort studies were rated as high-quality (7–9 points) ( Supplementary Material 1 ).…”