Dietary Intervention during 9 Months with a Hypocaloric Diet, Interaction of the Genetic Variant of Adiponectin Gene rs822393 with Metabolic Parameters

Abstract

Background and Aims. rs822393 (-4522C/T) genetic variant is associated with hypoadiponectinemia and other metabolic parameters. The aim of our investigation was to analyze the effects of a hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean dietary pattern during 9 months according to genetic variant rs822393 of ADIPOQ gene. Methods and Results. A sample of 269 obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, and adipokines) were determined, at basal time and after 3 and 9 months. All patients were genotyped in the rs822393. The genotype distribution was as follow; 176 patients (65.4%) CC, 83 patients CT (30.9%), and 10 patients TT (3.7%). After dietary intervention, the following parameters improved in non-T allele carriers; BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, leptin, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol improved significantly. HDL-cholesterol (delta: 5.7 ± 1.1 mg / dl vs. 1.0 ± 0.8 mg / dl ; p = 0.01 ), serum adiponectin (delta: 14.4 ± 2.0 ng / dl vs. 7.1 ± 3.1 ng / dl ; p = 0.02 ), and adiponectin/leptin ratio (delta: 0.54 ± 0.1 vs. 0.22 ± 0.09 ng / dl ; p = 0.03 ). Basal and postintervention HDL cholesterol, adiponectin levels, and adiponectin/leptin levels were lower in T-allele carriers than non-T Allele carriers. Conclusion. T allele carriers showed lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio than non-T allele carriers. A medium-term hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean partner increased adiponectin levels, ratio adiponectin/leptin, and HDL-cholesterol in non-T allele carriers.