Dietary multi-enzyme complex improves In Vitro nutrient digestibility and hind gut microbial fermentation of pigs

Abstract

This study was conducted in two stages to investigate the potential of multi-enzyme supplementation on the nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and gut microbial composition of pigs. In stage 1, effects of multi-enzyme complex (xylanase, α-amylase, β-glucanase, and protease) supplementation on the ileal and total tract dry matter (DM) digestibility of feed-stuffs were investigated with in vitro two-stage and three-stage enzyme incubation methods. A wide range of feed ingredients, namely, corn meal, wheat meal, soybean meal, fish meal, Oriental herbal extract, Italian rye-grass (IRG) and peanut hull were used as substrates. Supplementation of the multi-enzyme complex increased ( P < 0.05) the digestibility of the Oriental herbal extract and corn meal. In stage 2, in vivo animal studies were performed to further investigate the effects of the dietary multi-enzyme complex on the nutrient utilization, growth performance, and fecal microbial composition of pigs. A total of 36 weaned pigs were fed corn- and soybean meal-based diets without (control) and with the multi-enzyme complex (treatment) for 6 weeks. Fecal samples were collected from 12 pigs to analyze the microbial communities by using DNA sequencing and bioinformatics tools. Multi-enzyme supplementation had no effect on apparent digestibility of nutrients and growth performance of pigs compared to control. Taxonomic analysis of the fecal samples indicated that the bacteria in both control and treatment samples predominantly belonged to Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes . In addition, the proportion of the phylum Firmicutes was slightly higher in the treatment group. At the genus level, the abundance of Treponema and Barnesiella increased in the treatment group; whereas the numbers ofthe genera including Prevotella , Butyricicoccus , Ruminococcus and Succinivibrio decreased in the treatment group. These results suggest that multi-enzyme supplementation with basal diets have the potential to improve nutrient digestibility and modify microbial communities in the hind-gut of pigs.

Meta-analysis identifies the effect of dietary multi-enzyme supplementation on gut health of pigs

“…On the other hand, the Lactobacillus intercept is predicted to be a negative value, indicating that if Lactobacillus is absent, the production of fatty acid is also absent, which could lead to significant problem. The results are consistent with other published articles where the supplementing the animals with enzyme resulting in reduced pathogens even during challenged conditions and in non-challenged conditions 16 , 24 .…”

“…TNFα is well known to trigger the inflammatory responses 27 . Whereas, addition of two enzymes like protease and carbohydrase has benefitted the animals by modifications in digestibility and microbial consortium in contrast 24 . Inflammation in gut is mediated through the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines which tends to leaky gut, where the changes in mucosal barrier function, gut immunity, and microorganisms are observed.…”

The transcriptome of the rumen ciliate Entodinium caudatum reveals some of its metabolic features

“…As indicated by the transcripts involved in the EMP pathway and the pentose pathway, E. caudatum probably uses these two pathways to catabolize hexoses and pentoses, respectively. Acetate, butyrate, and propionate were the major VFA detected in the monocultures of E. caudatum [44, 45]. However, the monoculture contained prokaryotes of unknown species.…”

Supplemental protease improves in vitro disappearance of dry matter and crude protein in feather meal and copra meal for pigs

“…In experiment 1, the two-step in vitro assay was conducted to determine in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of DM as described in Boisen and Fernández (1995; Figure 1). Briefly, 1 g of a ground ingredient Figure 1 -In vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) procedure and in vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) procedure (Boisen and Fernández, 1995;Boisen and Fernández, 1997;Recharla et al, 2019). sample was transferred into 100-mL conical flasks.…”