Dietary patterns and the risk of pregnancy‐associated hypertension in the Danish National Birth Cohort: a prospective longitudinal study

Abstract

Objective To examine the association between midpregnancy dietary patterns and pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH).Design A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting Denmark.Population About 55 139 Danish women with single enrolments and recorded food frequency questionnaire dates with complete information on dietary intake. Methods Women were eligible if they could speak Danish and were planning to carry to term. Diet was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative 360-item food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis.Main outcome measures Gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE).Results Disease prevalence was 14% for GH (5491/39 362); 2% for PE (1168/54 778), and 0.4% for severe PE (234/55 086). Seven dietary patterns were characterised in the population, of which two were associated with PAH. The Seafood diet characterised by high consumption of fish and vegetables was inversely associated with the odds of developing GH [odds ratio (OR) 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.95)] and PE (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.65-0.97). The Western diet characterised by high consumption of potatoes (including French fries), mixed meat, margarine and white bread increased the odds of developing GH (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.33) and PE (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.11-1.76). No association was seen with severe PE. ConclusionsWe found protective associations of Seafood diet and harmful associations of Western diet with PAH. Dietary interventions encouraging the reduction of Western diet may contribute to a decrease of PAH.Tweetable abstract Western diet increases (Seafood diet decreases) the likelihood of developing pre-eclampsia among Danish pregnant women.

A mushroom diet reduced the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and macrosomia: a randomized clinical trial

“…regnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a disease characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy and affects about 9.4% of pregnant women in China, and 7-12% of pregnant women in other countries (1). PIH can be classified into gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and eclampsia, among which gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia are the two most common types (2). Women with PIH often face many risks, such as caesarean section, placental abruption, renal dysfunction and associated cardiovascular disease (3).…”

“…PIH also affects the fetus by limited fetal growth, premature birth, abnormal fetal weight as well as health issues of the offspring, such as obesity and cardiovascular disorders, etc. (2,4,5). In addition, nearly 10-15% of gestational deaths are caused by preeclampsia or eclampsia in low-and middle-income countries (6).…”

Dietary patterns of Chinese women of childbearing age during pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal birth weight

“…When the newborn weight < 2500 g, it was defined as low birth weight infant; when the newborn weight ≥ 4000 g, it was defined as macrosomia; when the newborn birth weight 2500~4000 g, it was defined as normal weight infant [14]. Referring to the revised report on the birth weight of newborns of different gestational ages in China, the newborns were divided into three categories according to the relationship between birth weight and gestational age: infants were defined as small for gestational age (SGA) when birth weight was below the 10th percentile (P 10 ) of the average gestational age; infants with birth weight above the 90th percentile (P 90 ) of the same gestational age were defined as larger for gestational age (LGA); between P 10 and P 90 of the same gestational age was appropriate for gestational age (AGA) [15].…”

Dietary patterns of Chinese women of childbearing age during pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal birth weight

“…When the newborn weight < 2500g, it was de ned as low birth weight infant; when the newborn weight ≥ 4000g, it was de ned as macrosomia; when the newborn birth weight 2500 ~ 4000g, it was de ned as normal weight infant [14] . Referring to the revised report on the birth weight of newborns of different gestational ages in China, the newborns were divided into three categories according to the relationship between birth weight and gestational age: infants were de ned as small for gestational age (SGA) when birth weight was below the 10th percentile (P 10 ) of the average gestational age; infants with birth weight above the 90th percentile (P 90 ) of the same gestational age were de ned as larger for gestational age (LGA); between P 10 and P 90 of the same gestational age was appropriate for gestational age (AGA) [15] .…”