Dietary patterns and their associations with health behaviours in Korea

Abstract

Objective: Dietary habits, including dietary patterns, have been associated with the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Korean dietary patterns as assessed by using an FFQ and associations of dietary patterns with lifestyle risk factors. Design: Dietary patterns were analysed by factor analysis using a sixteen-group FFQ. The associations between dietary patterns and lifestyle risk factors were investigated by logistic regression analysis. Setting: The National Cancer Center in South Korea. Subjects: The study population included 11 440 participants aged $30 years who were recruited between 2002 and 2007. Results: Compared with the lowest quartile intake of each dietary pattern, current smoking was positively associated with the Western pattern (OR 5 1?55 for the highest quartile, 95 % CI 1?27, 1?88; P , 0?001) and the traditional pattern (OR 5 1?34, 95 % CI 1?11, 1?62; P 5 0?002) in men, but was inversely associated with the healthy pattern in both genders (P , 0?001) and the traditional pattern (OR 5 0?52, 95 % CI 0?36, 0?75; P 5 0?001) in women. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with all patterns in both genders, while no association was observed with the healthy pattern in women. Physical activity and dietary supplement use were positively associated with all patterns in both genders, with the exception of physical activity in women, which showed an inverse association with the traditional pattern. Conclusions: Dietary patterns are strongly associated with health behaviours. The possible confounding effect of other risk behaviours should be appropriately considered when conducting nutritional epidemiological studies.

Less Healthy Dietary Pattern is Associated with Smoking in Korean Men According to Nationally Representative Data

“…Therefore, this finding confirmed the conclusion that smoking is associated with less healthy dietary behavior regardless of culture, ethnicity or region. Korean male smokers have similar tendencies to results from preceding studies to follow a 'Sugar & fat' pattern and drink strong alcohol more, but eat less fruit and dairy products (10, 20). In contrast to Western studies, however, our study differs in the consumption of seaweed, starches, and meat.…”

“…Also, Korean male smokers consumed less calcium but more coffee and alcohol, which is obviously detrimental to their bone health (9). There is even a theory suggesting that caffeinated or alcoholic beverages may enhance the taste of smoking (10). …”

“…Previous Korean studies on the nutrient intake of smokers were only sporadically reported, and most subjects were too small or too focused on specific groups (9, 10). Therefore, further study on the nutrient intake and dietary pattern of smokers should broaden its approach to consider a nationally representative sample.…”

Dietary patterns of Pakistani adults and their associations with sociodemographic, anthropometric and life-style factors

“…Clustering of life-style habits with different diet patterns has been reported previously, showing that a healthy diet leads to healthy behaviours and vice versa ( 13 , 38 ) . In the present study, we found a lower proportion of the population in both the fruit and vegetable and seafood and yogurt patterns who smoked.…”

Padrões alimentares estimados por técnicas multivariadas: uma revisão da literatura sobre os procedimentos adotados nas etapas analíticas

“…Concerning the criteria used to group the foods obtained from collecting food intake data (step before the input of data in the multivariate techniques), 22% (n = 42) used preexisting groups from the FFQ, 14% (n = 26) adopted as a criterion the nutritional composition, 26% (n = 46) did not present any information about the used criteria, and remaining 38% (n = 75) reported: official agencies/dietary 164,172,187,191,193,198,203,204) 168,170,[174][175][176]178,179,183,184,[186][187][188][190][191][192][193]198,199,204,205) On the basis of the names of the foods 25 (42) 14 (24) 143,144,148,156,160,162,163,169,171,172,181,182,185,192,194) PCA: principal component analysis; FA: factor analysis; RRR: reduced regression rank; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; FFQ: Food Frequency Questionnaire; 24HR: 24-hour dietary recall. *Combination of two or more criteria within the same characteristic.…”