Dietary Patterns in Relation to General and Central Obesity among Adults in Southwest China

Abstract

Dietary patterns represent a broader picture of food consumption, and are better correlated with a variety of health outcomes. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the associations between dietary patterns and obesity in Southwest China. Data from the 2010–2012 National Nutrition Survey in the province of Yunnan, Southwest China, were analyzed (n = 1604, aged 18–80 years). Dietary data were collected using the 24 h dietary recall over three consecutive days. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured following standard methods. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary patterns and obesity. Three distinct dietary patterns were identified, which were labeled as traditional, modern, and tuber according to their key components. With potential confounders adjusted, adults in the highest quartile of the modern pattern were at higher risk of general and central obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–3.48; OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.37–2.93). In contrast, adults in the highest quartile of the tuber pattern were at lower risk of general and central obesity (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15–0.61; OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.95) but at higher risk of underweight (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.20–6.45). No significant association was found between the traditional pattern and obesity. Moreover, dietary pattern differences occurred due to the differences in socio-demographic characteristics. In conclusion, the modern dietary pattern was positively, and the tuber pattern negatively, associated with general and central obesity among adults in Southwest China.

Relationship between dietary factors and the number of altered metabolic syndrome components in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

“… 3 Coarse cereals and tubers can provide rich dietary fibre, less fat and less protein than animal food. 12 Similar to a study of middle-aged and elderly Japanese people, 6 we found that dietary fibre intake had a marginally significant difference among altered MetS components groups 0, 1, 2 and 3–5 overall. Other data indicated that the protective role of fibre from cereals was higher than that of fibre from other sources against the development of MetS and type 2 diabetes.…”

“…According to the definition of WHO, adults who smoked at least one cigarette a day are defined as current smokers. 12 To determine alcohol consumption, individuals were asked the question: 'Have you consumed alcohol (beer, wine or other alcoholic beverage) during the past year (yes, no)?'. 2 Residence was divided into urban and rural, and geographical region was divided into the North (Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Henan and Shandong) and the South (Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guangxi and Guizhou).…”

“… 2 Residence was divided into urban and rural, and geographical region was divided into the North (Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Henan and Shandong) and the South (Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Guangxi and Guizhou). 12 Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight divided by height squared (kg/m 2 ).…”

“…This dietary pattern is characterised by consumption of meat, alcohol and nuts, and has been positively associated with overweight/obesity and central obesity. 12 …”

Association between dietary patterns and hypertension among Han and multi-ethnic population in southwest China

“…Compared with the meat pattern which was defined as high intake of chickens, beef, lamb, duck, goose in a previous study [ 36 ], the ‘Tuber and meat’ pattern in the present study was loaded heavily on tuber. The tuber rich in dietary fiber was reported to be inversely associated with obesity and positively associated with underweight [ 37 ]. The dietary fiber has the antihypertensive effects as well as the prevention of a number of cardiovascular diseases [ 38 , 39 ].…”