Dietary β-glucan stimulate complement and C-reactive protein acute phase responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during an Aeromonas salmonicida infection

Pionnier, Nicolas; Falcó, Alberto; Miest, Joanna J.; Frost, Patrick; Irnazarow, Ilgiz; Shrive, A.K.; Hoole, D.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.12.017

Cited by 62 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In aquaculture situations it is therefore important to administer β-glucan at concentrations which are high enough to stimulate the immune response, but also low enough to avoid any possible adverse effects due to high doses. This supports our previous observations [10,11,13,16,22] in which we showed that MacroGard ® administered at the producer recommended (10 -15 mg/kg bodyweight) dose does not induce apoptosis in pronephric cells but stimulates the immune response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Miest

Hoole

2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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In previous studies an effect of β-glucan on apoptosis in fish was noted and in this investigation we determine the time and concentration dependency of this effect. Primary cell cultures of pronephric carp cells were incubated for 6, 24, 48 h with various concentrations ranging from 0 -1000 μg/ml of MacroGard ® β-glucan. Apoptosis was monitored via acridine orange staining. Results indicate a clear effect of time and concentration on the induction of apoptosis in vitro, with only concentration ≥ 500 μg/ml causing significantly higher percentages of apoptotic cells. Apoptosis was detected after 6 h. This concentration dependent effect has to be considered when studying apoptosis in relation to immunostimulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In both mammals and fish, β-glucan recognition results in the activation of macrophages, which induces phagocytosis, leukocyte migration and the production of cytokines (e.g. IL-1, TNFα), nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, as well as the enhancement of complement activity [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Miest

Hoole

2015

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…The activation of complement, either the classical or alternative pathway, leads to the production of several soluble components involved in chemiotaxis, opsonization, phagocytosis and pathogen destruction (Magnadóttir et al 2005). Inclusion of β-glucan into the diet of carps (Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio) also improved complement activity (Misra et al 2006) and heightened expression of complement genes in several tissues (Pionnier et al 2013). Furthermore, the activity of the alternative complement cascade might also be improved by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the diet of Epinephelus coioides (Chiu et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, silver catfish fed 0.1% β-glucan had a survival rate of 100%. The beneficial effect on resistance to challenge with specific pathogen has been reported in several fish species (Misra et al 2006, Welker et al 2007, Garcia & Villarroel 2009, Pionnier et al 2013. β-glucan is thought to stimulate the complement cascade, phagocytosis, serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst immune modulating molecules, β-glucan, a linear polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of yeast, algae and fungi (Dalmo & Bøgwald 2008) stands as a model of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecule, and as such has been widely exploited as additive in fish diets aiming to improve resistance to infection. The inclusion of β-glucans in the diet of Anabas testudineus (Das et al 2009), Cyprinus carpio (Miest et al 2012), Oncorhynchus mykiss (Ghaedi et al 2015), Salmon salar (Pionnier et al 2013) amongst other fish species, for instance, improved several innate immune parameters like respiratory burst, macrophage phagocytic index, serum lysozyme and myeloperoxidase, and improved the production of total IgM. However, conflicting results have also been reported, such as in Salmo salar and Scophthalmus rhombus, and have been attributed to differences in β-glucan concentration on diet, the molecular characteristics of the molecule (1,3-β-glucan or 1,6-β-glucan), time and feeding regimen (Dalmo & Bøgwald 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Domenico

Canova²,

Soveral³

et al. 2017

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Efeito imunomodulador da β-glucana usada como aditivo alimentar em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen).]O uso da β-glucana como suplemento alimentar foi avaliado em jundiás. A β-glucana foi adicionada à ração na proporção de 0.01%, e 0.1% e fornecida aos peixes por 21, para avaliar dados hematológicos e parâmetros do sistema imune natural, ou 42 dias, para avaliar ganho de peso e resistência ao desafio com Aeromonas hydrophila. A adição da β-glucana na dieta não afetou o ganho de peso e não induziu alterações hematológicas nem alterações nos níveis de aglutininas e mieloperoxidase sanguínea. No entanto, a atividade hemolítica natural do sistema do complemento foi significativamente maior nos peixes alimentados com β-glucana. Além disso, nos peixes alimentados com β-glucana e desafiados com A. hydrophila, o número de bactérias isoladas do sangue foi significativamente menor, e a sobrevivência ao desafio foi significativamente maior do que nos peixes que não receberam β-glucana. Consequentemente, concluímos que a β-glucana tem potencial imunomodulador quando adicionada à dieta, nas condições experimentais aqui indicadas, e contribui para aumentar imunidade natural e a resistência dos jundiás ao desafio com patógenos específicos. INTRODUCTIONThe occurrence of infectious diseases is one of the major causes of losses in modern aquaculture (Sitjà-Bobadilla The immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan were evaluated in silver catfish. β-glucan was added to the diet (0.01%, and 0.1%) and fed to the fish for 21 days, to evaluate effects on blood and some innate immune parameter, or fed for 42 days, to evaluate growth rate and resistance to challenge with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila. We found that adding β-glucan to the diet had no effect on fish growth and no effect on blood cells, or serum bacterial agglutination and serum myeloperoxidase activity. However, fish that received β-glucan in the diet had the natural hemolytic activity of complement significantly higher compared to control fish. Furthermore, fish fed with β-glucan and challenged with A. hydrophila had fewer bacteria in blood and presented a significantly higher survival rate compared to control fish. Thus, we concluded that β-glucan might be explored as feed additive aiming to improve silver catfish innate immunity and resistance to specific pathogen.INDEX TERMS: Silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, fish, immunostimulants, β-glucan, Aeromonas hydrophila.

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Aeromonadaceae Representative (Aeromonas salmonicida)

Austin¹,

Austin²

2016

Bacterial Fish Pathogens

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Dietary β-glucan stimulate complement and C-reactive protein acute phase responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during an Aeromonas salmonicida infection

Cited by 62 publications

References 54 publications

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Time and concentration dependency of MacroGard® induced apoptosis

Immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Aeromonadaceae Representative (Aeromonas salmonicida)

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