Difference between two isozymes of (Na++K+)-ATPase in the interaction with omeprazole.

Antitussive Drugs—Past, Present, and Future

“…Proton pump inhibitors, typified by omeprazole, can also inhibit Na + -K + ATPase and are somewhat selective for the neuronal isoforms of the sodium pump (Keeling et al, 1985;Iwata et al, 1988). As discussed above, the results of studies evaluating the antitussive effects of PPIs have been disappointing (Chang et al, , 2011Faruqi et al, 2011;Shaheen et al, 2011).…”

Regulation of cough by neuronal Na+–K+ ATPases

“…This has typically been attributed to disease modification in patients suspected of or diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease. But the sulfenamide inhibitors of H + -K + ATPase proton pumps also inhibit the related Na + -K + ATPase sodium pumps [46,47]. Proton pump inhibitors also restore normal cough responsiveness in guinea pigs with cough hypersensitivity resulting from allergic inflammation [48].…”

“…This raised the possibility for cell and tissue specific therapeutic interventions targeting sodium pump isozymes. Despite early promise for 'neuron-selective' effects of Na + -K + ATPase modulators identified in rodent studies [47,[57][58][59], this pharmacological differentiation apparent with the cardiotonic steroids did not adequately translate to other species [5]. To date, no therapies targeting specific isozymes have been developed and applied clinically.…”

“…To date, no therapies targeting specific isozymes have been developed and applied clinically. But multiple studies have shown potential for isozyme selective actions of sodium pump modulators that may eventually lead to organ and disease specific applications for inhibitors and modulators of sodium pump isozyme function [47,58,59]. Many of these isozyme selective inhibitors display selectivity for the neuronal isoforms of Na + -K + ATPase utilizing the a 3 subunit.…”

Electric stimuli responses to poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel in NaCl solutions

“…2 Polymer hydrogels can change their volume and shape reversibly depending on several external physicochemical factors; such as, temperature, solvent composition, pH, and ionic concentration. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, the large volume or shape change of a polymer gel, induced by supplying thermal, chemical, or electrical energy, offers various possibilities for advanced functional polymers. Among these possibilities, electric-sensitive polymer hydrogels actuated by an electric stimulus seem to be particularly interesting because mechanical energy has been triggered by an electric signal.…”