Difference in Psychological Distress between Patients with Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome

Byun, Jung-Ick; Kim, Jeong‐Su; Shin, Yongseok; Hwang, Kyoung Jin; Jung, Yu Jin; Shin, Won Chul

doi:10.17241/smr.2019.00339

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Interestingly, another Korean study reported significantly more severe anxiety and depressive symptoms in RLS patients with lower PLMI (129). In keeping, another study that compared neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with PLMD to those with RLS highlighted a higher psychosomatic burden in the RLS patients (130). In this study, RLS patients also showed a higher somatization burden (130).…”

Section: Associated Psychiatric and Neurologic Disorderssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In keeping, another study that compared neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with PLMD to those with RLS highlighted a higher psychosomatic burden in the RLS patients (130). In this study, RLS patients also showed a higher somatization burden (130). Future prospective studies should closely examine whether PLMS status has any bearing on the paindepression-anxiety relationship in RLS, and whether it independently predisposes for any distinct neurologic or psychiatric phenotype.…”

Section: Associated Psychiatric and Neurologic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Periodic limb movements during sleep: a narrative review

Drakatos¹,

Olaithe²,

Verma³

et al. 2021

J Thorac Dis

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Objective: Using narrative review techniques, this paper evaluates the evidence for separable underlying patho-mechanisms of periodic limb movements (PLMs) to separable PLM motor patterns and phenotypes, in order to elucidate potential new treatment modalities.Background: Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is estimated to occur in 5-8% of the paediatric population and 4-11% of the general adult population. Due to significant sleep fragmentation, PLMD can lead to functional impairment, including hyperactivity and delayed language development in children, and poor concentration and work performance in adults. Longitudinal data demonstrate that those with PLMD are at greater risk of depression and anxiety, and a 4-fold greater risk of developing dementia.PLMD has been extensively studied over the past two decades, and several key insights into the genetic, pathophysiological, and neural correlates have been proposed. Amongst these proposals is the concept of separable PLM phenotypes, proposed on the basis of nocturnal features such as the ratio of limb movements and distribution throughout the night. PLM phenotype and presentation, however, varies significantly depending on the scoring utilized and the nocturnal features examined, across age, and co-morbid clinical conditions. Furthermore, associations between these phenotypes with major neurologic and psychiatric disorders remain controversial. Methods:In order to elucidate potential divergent biological pathways that may help clarify important new treatment modalities, this paper utilizes narrative review and evaluates the evidence linking PLM motor patterns and phenotypes with hypothesised underlying patho-mechanisms. Distinctive, underlying pathomechanisms include: a pure motor mechanism originating in the spinal cord, iron deficiency, dopamine system dysfunction, thalamic glutamatergic hyperactivity, and a more cortical-subcortical interplay. In support of the latter hypothesis, PLM rhythmicity appears tightly linked to the microarchitecture of sleep, not dissimilarly to the apnoeic/hypopneic events seen in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Conclusions: This review closes with a proposal for greater investigation into the identification of potential, divergent biological pathways. To do so would require prospective, multimodal imaging clinical studies which may delineate differential responses to treatment in restless legs syndrome (RLS) without PLMS and PLMS without RLS. This could pave the way toward important new treatment modalities.

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Section: Associated Psychiatric and Neurologic Disorderssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Associated Psychiatric and Neurologic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 51%

Periodic limb movements during sleep: a narrative review

Drakatos¹,

Olaithe²,

Verma³

et al. 2021

J Thorac Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of the included studies, eight were conducted in Turkey ( 22–24 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 40 ), three in Korea ( 30 , 35 , 38 ), two in Spain ( 25 , 32 ), two in Germany ( 27 , 36 ), two in China ( 9 , 34 ), one in Austria ( 33 ), one in France ( 37 ), one in Italy ( 39 ), and one in America ( 41 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of anxiety and depression with restless leg syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

An,

Sun,

Yuan

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundThe levels of anxiety and depression among patients with restless leg syndrome (RLS) are controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the levels of depression and anxiety among individuals with RLS with those of healthy controls.MethodsWe conducted an extensive electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception dates to 20 June 2023. Studies presenting data on depression and anxiety in individuals with RLS were included, and a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty-one studies matched the inclusion criteria. Significantly more depressive symptoms were present in the individuals with RLS than in those without RLS, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory [mean difference (MD) = 6.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.54–7.62, p < 0.01; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.99]. Similarly, the results from the Beck Anxiety Inventory indicated that there were significantly more pronounced anxiety symptoms in the individuals with RLS than in those without RLS (MD = 9.30, 95%CI = 7.65–10.94, p < 0.01; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.92). The other anxiety and depression scales also yielded statistically significant results. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, with the primary contributing factor probably being the scoring criteria of the scales.ConclusionThis meta-analysis found that the levels of depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly higher in individuals with RLS than in their healthy counterparts.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023410364, (identifier CRD42023410364).

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Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements of sleep

O’Regan

Anderson

2020

Br J Hosp Med

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Restless legs syndrome describes a curious need to stretch and move in response to an unpleasant feeling in the legs. For most people who have this, as they are drifting off to sleep there is a twitch of the toe, foot and ankle followed by another and then another. The limb movements are strikingly periodic and are described as such by frustrated bed partners. The pathophysiology remains debated but is likely to involve dopaminergic dysfunction and ascending arousal systems. Despite a prevalence of 5–10% in the general population, the variable nature of symptoms and difficulty describing the dysaesthesia often leads to delay in treatment. This article outlines the diagnostic criteria, medication and comorbidities that modify symptoms, the impact of restless legs syndrome on health, and symptomatic management. Several licensed therapies are effective but the dopamine agonists in particular can cause challenging side effects and paradoxically worsen symptoms over time. Case histories are reviewed to guide physicians.

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Difference in Psychological Distress between Patients with Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Periodic limb movements during sleep: a narrative review

Periodic limb movements during sleep: a narrative review

Associations of anxiety and depression with restless leg syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements of sleep

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