Difference in ultraweak photon emissions between sulfonylurea‐resistant and sulfonylurea‐susceptible biotypes of Scirpus juncoides following the application of a sulfonylurea herbicide

Abstract

We examined the ultraweak photon emissions from a paddy weed, Scirpus juncoides, to assess the availability of photon emissions for the identification of weed biotypes resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides. The emission intensity from the plant organs increased when treated with a sulfonylurea herbicide in a concentration-dependent manner.The increment in emissions was higher in the sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes than in the sulfonylurea-susceptible biotypes.The difference between the biotypes was greater in the culms than in the roots and remained so through the vegetative growth stage to the flowering stage.This difference was independent of the seed source or mutations in the acetolactate synthase genes of the resistant biotypes.These results suggest that the determination of ultraweak photon emissions can be a useful method for identifying the sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes of S. juncoides.

Biophoton Emissions in Sulfonylurea-Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

“…However, at the seed-setting stage, the biophoton emissions were markedly enhanced in the susceptible biotypes. Therefore, at this stage, there were no distinct differences in biophoton emissions between the resistant and susceptible biotypes [41]. In addition to the case of S. juncoides, this increment in biophoton emission in SU-resistant biotypes has been confirmed in Monochoria vaginalis [42].…”

“…In the resistant biotype, a relatively higher increment in biophoton emission was observed in both the culms and roots, while the increment was lower in the susceptible biotypes. This increment of biophoton emission in a resistant biotype was independent of the seed source or mutations in the ALS genes [41]. All seven resistant biotypes showed a higher increment in biophoton emissions than the five susceptible biotypes.…”

“…The difference in biophoton emission between resistant and susceptible biotypes is obvious with 10 and 100 ppm BSM treatment, whereas there were few differences with 1 ppm BSM treatment [41]. The emission intensity was different between plant organs ( Figure 6) [41]. The increment in the biophoton emission was greater for the culms than for the roots.…”

“…Biophoton emissions in S. juncoides have been investigated by employing 12 biotypes (seven SU-resistant and five SU-susceptible plants) collected from paddy fields in various regions of Japan [41]. Typical results of biophoton emissions from the culms of S. juncoides treated with BSM, one of the SU herbicides most commonly used in paddy fields in Japan, is shown in Figure 5 [41].…”

Properties of controlled-release formulation of pyrimisulfan as a one-shot herbicide in a paddy field

“…e mutation sites of acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes of these SU-resistant weeds have been determined by PCR-RFLP. [10][11][12] Plants of SU-resistant weeds were initially screened by applying bensulfuron-methyl (75 g (121°C, 20 min), was added to a 450 mL plastic cup, followed by the addition of 200 mL water. Pre-diluted 10% WP pyrimisulfan was then added to the cup at 0, 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12, 16, 20, 40, 80, and 120 ppb.…”