Differences and similarities between precipitation patterns of different climates

Abstract

In recent years water-related issues are increasing globally, some researchers even argue that the global hydrological cycle is accelerating, while the number of meteorological extremities is growing. With the help of large number of available measured data, these changes can be examined with advanced mathematical methods. In the outlined research we were able to collect long precipitation datasets from two different climatical regions, one sample area being Ecuador, the other one being Kenya. Using the methodology of spectral analysis based on the discrete Fourier-transformation, several deterministic components were calculated locally in the otherwise stochastic time series, while by the comparison of the results, also with previous calculations from Hungary, several global precipitation cycles were defined in the time interval between 1980 and 2019. The results of these calculations, the described local, regional, and global precipitation cycles can be a helpful tool for groundwater management, as precipitation is the major resource of groundwater recharge, as well as with the help of these deterministic cycles, precipitation forecasts can be delivered for the areas.

Palmer-type soil modelling for evapotranspiration in different climatic regions of Kenya

“…This means we do not reject the null hypothesis and there is no statistically significant difference between the standard deviation of precipitation, of the two counties. Contrary to the expected results, this outcome implies a similarity of tropical annual precipitation cycles between the two counties and from the two climatic regions (Ilyés, C. et al 2021). A further test of significance by T-test and Mann-Whitney U-test showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the monthly mean precipitation of January, February, March, and November.…”

Climate Patterns and Their Influence in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, Deduced from Spectral Analysis Techniques

“…Few climatic studies were carried out in the South American region using the spectral analysis technique, being mostly paleoclimatic analysis of sedimentary cores [27] and ice cores [29]. Three different works [30,31,61] with a spectral analysis methodology were found dealing with meteorological records in South America, revealing the lack of this approach for climate analysis.…”

“…Ilyes et al [31] performed spectral analysis of precipitation series from Ecuador, Kenya, and Hungary. In the area of Ecuador, the Costa, Sierra, and Amazon region revealed periodicities of 365 days and 182 days, which would fully coincide with the main cycles detected in this study.…”

“…These analyses of periodicities of palaeoclimate proxies are able to determine the regional climate variability, correlating the ciclicities found on proxy data series with the known behavior of climate patterns. Spectral techniques were also applied in the climate study itself, used to characterize the precipitation in the Bolivian Altiplano [30] or to analyze the climatic relationship between places at a long distance, such as Kenya-Ecuador-Hungary [31].…”

“…Correlating the meteorological records with the climate patterns can shed light on the regional climatic controls, as some of the influences on climate variability remain unknown. It is not properly understood yet if long distance climate patterns are able to influence in far areas through teleconnections (such as MJO or PDO to some areas of South America), and hence, spectral analysis is able to answer these questions [31].…”